India’s Stand on Environmental Issues| Class 12 Polity Notes

The introduction to Chapter 6 of the NCERT book for Class 12 Political Science, “Environment and Natural Resources,” broadens the conventional definition of international politics to include environmental concerns. The chapter emphasizes that environmental and natural resource-related issues are deeply political in addition to being geographical. Let’s explore Class 12 political science notes for chapter 6 “India’s Stand on Environmental Issues”.

India’s Stand on Environmental Issues

• August 2002 saw the signing and ratification of the Kyoto Protocol (1997) by India. China and other developing nations were excused from the Kyoto Protocol’s obligations.
• India brought up the fact that the industrialized world’s per capita emission rates pale in comparison to those of the developing world during the June 2005 G-8 conference.
• The Indian government has already launched many projects to engage it in international endeavors. Vehicles must use cleaner gasoline according to India’s National Auto-fuel Policy. Initiatives to increase energy efficiency are included in the 2001 Energy Conservation Act. The utilization of renewable energy is promoted under the Electricity Act of 2003.
• India agrees that the SAARC nations ought to take a unified stance on significant international environmental matters to give the region’s voice more clout.
• India conducted an assessment in 1997 of the accords made during the Rio Earth Summit’s implementation.
• India said that for the poor nations to fulfill their UNFCCC obligations, the wealthy countries should provide them with clean technology and financial resources.

Environmental Movements: One or Many?

• Environmental Movements: Around the world, groups of volunteers who care about the environment lead these movements. While a few operate on a global scale, the majority operate on a local level.
• There are a lot of demands on the forest movements in the southern countries of Mexico, Chile, Brazil, Malaysia, Indonesia, Continental Africa, and India.
• The movements opposed to mega-dams are another kind of movement. An environmental movement is probably against building mega-dams in any nation where they are proposed.
• The first anti-dam movement in the North was started in the early 1980s; it was an Australian campaign to safeguard the Franklin River and the woods that surround it. India has produced some of the most influential pro-river and anti-dam groups. Movements like the Narmada Bachao Andolan are one example of this kind.

Resource Geopolitics

• The main topics of resource geopolitics are who gets what, when, where, and how.
• During the Cold War, industrialised nations developed strategies to guarantee a continuous supply of resources. These strategies included stationing military personnel close to important locations and sea routes for communication, stockpiling vital commodities, and working to support regimes that were favourable to them.
• Control by the West over vital minerals in Southern and Central Africa and oil in the Gulf was a particular source of worry.
• For the majority of the 20th century, oil was a portable and essential fuel for the world economy. petrol. Petroleum history is a history of conflict and struggle.
• Another vital resource that is essential to world politics is water. Variations by region and the growing scarcity of freshwater might potentially cause global political tensions.

The Indigenous People and their Rights

• Indigenous populations are those who lived on a country’s current territory when people of other ancestry or culture arrived and were pushed out of it. This definition is provided by the UN.
• Today’s indigenous population adheres more to its own set of social, economic, and cultural norms and traditions than to those of the nation they now call home.
• Native Americans discuss their rights, agendas, and conflicts in the same ways as other social movements.
• Areas in Africa, India (where they are referred to as Tribals), Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Africa are home to indigenous people.
• The term “indigenous people” in India refers to the scheduled tribes, which make up around 8% of the nation’s population.
• As the first of 11 indigenous non-governmental organisations to be granted consultative status in the UN, the World Council of Indigenous People was established in 1975.

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India’s Stand on Environmental Issues-FAQs

What is Environment and Natural Resources?

The term “environment” refers to the conditions of the air, water, land, and ecosystems that support living things. Natural resources include things like air, water, soil, minerals, forests, and biodiversity that are essential to human life and may be used for a variety of purposes. Natural resources and the environment work together to support life and are linked to human activities and societal well-being.

What is India’s stand on environmental issues Class 12 political science?

Through a variety of initiatives, including the Energy Conservation Act of 2011 and the Electricity Act of 2003, the Indian government is already involved in international efforts. India conducted an assessment in 1997 of the accords made during the Rio Earth Summit’s implementation.

What is India’s stance on the environment?

India’s environmental strategy is focused on preserving its local glaciers, cutting back on plastic consumption, creating clean cooking fuel, and improving the sustainability of its railway network.

What are the 5 major environmental problems explain each?

Pollution, population growth, trash disposal, climate change, global warming, the greenhouse effect, etc. are a few of these. The goal of achieving a balance between man and the environment is being pursued by a number of individual, organisational, and governmental environment preservation programmes.

What are two main environmental problems?

These are a few of the most pressing environmental issues of our day, ranging from food waste and fast fashion to deforestation and biodiversity loss.