Distribution & Density of Population| Class 12 Geography Notes

Class 12 Geography Notes: Geography Class 12 Notes is a crucial subject in the Social Science curriculum that requires students to have a thorough understanding of the Population, Agriculture, and human activities. The subject demands a strong foundation in conceptual knowledge and an ability to analyze and interpret geographical data. These notes provide a detailed summary of the key topics, aiding students in better comprehension of the subject matter.

Our Geography Notes Class 12 serves as a valuable resource to enhance your problem-solving skills and prepare for your Social Science Class 12 exams. By utilizing our comprehensive notes, you can develop a strong foundation in Geography and improve your problem-solving skills.

What is Population?

Population refers to all the people living in a specific area or region. It includes everyone, from babies to older adults. So, when we talk about the population of a city, country, or even the entire world, we’re talking about the total number of individuals who live there.

Distribution of Population

Population distribution refers to how people are spread out in a particular area. In India, the distribution of population shows a significant imbalance. Some regions have fewer people living there, while others are densely populated. These states can be divided into three main categories:

• States with High Population: Uttar Pradesh (with the highest population), Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh. Together, these states account for 76% of the total population.
• States with Moderate Population: Assam, Haryana, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Punjab, and Goa.
• States with Low Population: These include hilly and tribal areas such as Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, all North-Eastern states (except Assam), and Union Territories excluding Delhi.

Density of Population

Population density refers to the number of people living in a specific area. It helps us understand how many people are living in relation to the land available. In India, the population density in 2011 was 382 persons per square kilometer. Over the past 50 years, there has been a steady increase, from 117 persons per square kilometer in 1951 to 382 persons per square kilometer in 2011.

The data in Appendix (i) shows the variation in population densities across the country. It ranges from as low as 17 persons per square kilometer in Arunachal Pradesh to 11,297 persons in the National Capital Territory of Delhi.

Northern Indian states like Bihar, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh have higher densities, while Kerala and Tamil Nadu have higher densities among the peninsular Indian states. States like Assam, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Jharkhand, and Odisha have moderate densities.

The hill states of the Himalayan region and northeastern states (excluding Assam) have relatively low densities, while the Union Territories (excluding Andaman and Nicobar Islands) have very high densities of population.

Population density, as discussed earlier, is a basic measure of the relationship between humans and land. To understand the pressure of population on cultivable land better, we should consider physiological and agricultural densities. These are significant for a country like India with a large agricultural population.

Related Links

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4. CBSE Class 10 Geography Notes

FAQs on Distribution & Density of Population Class 12 Geography Notes

What is population distribution?

Population distribution refers to how people are spread out across a specific area or region.

Why is population distribution important?

Population distribution helps us understand where people live and how they are distributed spatially in relation to the land available.

What is population density?

Population density is the number of people living in a particular area, usually expressed as the number of persons per square kilometer or square mile.

How is population density calculated?

Population density is calculated by dividing the total population of an area by its land area.

Why is population density important?

Population density helps us understand the level of crowding or concentration of people in a given area. It also provides insights into the spatial distribution of population in relation to land.

What is the population density of India?

As of 2011, the population density of India is 382 persons per square kilometer.

How has the population density of India changed over time?

Over the last 50 years, there has been a steady increase in the population density of India, from 117 persons per square kilometer in 1951 to 382 persons per square kilometer in 2011.

What factors influence population density?

Factors influencing population density include geographical features, climate, availability of resources, economic opportunities, and social and political factors.

How does population density vary across different states and regions of India?

Population density varies significantly across different states and regions of India. Some states have high population densities, while others have low population densities. Factors such as urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural productivity also influence population density.