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Difference Between ConcurrentHashMap and SynchronizedHashMap

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The ConcurrentHashMap and SynchronizedHashMap both are the Collection classes which are thread-safe and can be used in multithreaded and concurrent java application. But there are few differences that exists between them. In this article, we have tried to cover all these differences between them.

1. ConcurrentHashMap: ConcurrentHashMap is a class which implements the ConcurrentMap interface. It uses Hashtable, underlined data structure. As we know, while dealing with thread in our application HashMap is not a good choice because of the performance issue. To resolve this issue, we use ConcurrentHashMap in our application.  ConcurrentHashMap is thread-safe therefore multiple threads can operate on a single object without any problem. In ConcurrentHashMap, the Object is divided into a number of segments according to the concurrency level. By default, it allows 16 thread to read and write from the Map without any synchronization. In ConcurrentHashMap, at a time any number of threads can perform retrieval operation but for updating in the object, the thread must lock the particular segment in which the thread wants to operate. This type of locking mechanism is known as Segment locking or bucket locking. Hence, at a time16 update operations can be performed by threads.

ConcurrentHashMap Demo:

Java




// Java Program to demonstrate the
// working of ConcurrentHashMap
 
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
 
public class TraversingConcurrentHashMap {
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
 
        // create an instance of ConcurrentHashMap
        ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, String> chmap
            = new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, String>();
 
        // Add elements using put()
        chmap.put(10, "Geeks");
        chmap.put(20, "for");
        chmap.put(30, "Geeks");
        chmap.put(40, "Welcome");
        chmap.put(50, "you");
 
        // Create an Iterator over the
        // ConcurrentHashMap
        Iterator<ConcurrentHashMap.Entry<Integer, String> >
            itr = chmap.entrySet().iterator();
 
        // The hasNext() method is used to check if there is
        // a next element and the next() method is used to
        // retrieve the next element
        while (itr.hasNext()) {
            ConcurrentHashMap.Entry<Integer, String> entry
                = itr.next();
            System.out.println("Key = " + entry.getKey()
                               + ", Value = "
                               + entry.getValue());
        }
    }
}


 
 

Output

Key = 50, Value = you
Key = 20, Value = for
Key = 40, Value = Welcome
Key = 10, Value = Geeks
Key = 30, Value = Geeks

 

2. Synchronized HashMap: Java HashMap is a non-synchronized collection class. If we need to perform thread-safe operations on it then we must need to synchronize it explicitly. The synchronizedMap() method of java.util.Collections class is used to synchronize it. It returns a synchronized (thread-safe) map backed by the specified map. 

Synchronized HashMap Demo: 

Java




// Java program to demonstrate the
// working of Synchronized HashMap
 
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
 
public class SynchronizedHashMap {
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
 
        // Creating a HashMap
        HashMap<Integer, String> hmap
            = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
 
        // Adding the elements using put method
        hmap.put(10, "Geeks");
        hmap.put(20, "for");
        hmap.put(30, "Geeks");
        hmap.put(25, "Welcome");
        hmap.put(40, "you");
 
        // Creating a synchronized map
        Map map = Collections.synchronizedMap(hmap);
        Set set = map.entrySet();
 
        // Synchronize on HashMap, not on set
        synchronized (map)
        {
            Iterator i = set.iterator();
            // Printing the elements
            while (i.hasNext()) {
                Map.Entry me = (Map.Entry)i.next();
                System.out.print(me.getKey() + ": ");
                System.out.println(me.getValue());
            }
        }
    }
}


Output

20: for
40: you
25: Welcome
10: Geeks
30: Geeks

Difference between ConcurrentHashMap and Synchronized HashMap:

                  ConcurrentHashMap

                      Synchronized HashMap

ConcurrentHashMap is a class that implements the ConcurrentMap and serializable interface. We can synchronize the HashMap by using the synchronizedMap() method of java.util.Collections class.
It locks some portion of the map. It locks the whole map.
ConcurrentHashMap allows performing concurrent read and write operation. Hence, performance is relatively better than the Synchronized Map. In Synchronized HashMap, multiple threads can not access the map concurrently. Hence, the performance is relatively less than the ConcurrentHashMap.
ConcuurentHashMap doesn’t allow inserting null as a key or value. Synchronized HashMap allows inserting null as a key.
ConccurentHashMap doesn’t throw ConcurrentModificationException. Synchronized HashMap throw ConcurrentModificationException.


Last Updated : 14 Aug, 2021
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