Roman Numeral – Roman numerals are a numerical notation system that originated in ancient Rome. The Roman number system uses seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value, to represent numbers.
The symbols are I, V, X, L, C, D, and M, which represent 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000, respectively. Different arrangements of these symbols represent different numbers. For example, the Roman number LX is equal to 60, which is (50 + 10). These roman numerals are I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, and X represent 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 respectively.
Let’s learn about Roman numerals, their chart, and conversion rules in detail in subsequent sub-sections.
Roman Numeral Chart
What are Roman Numerals
Roman numerals are a number system that uses combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet (I, V, X, L, C, D, M) to represent numbers. Each letter has a fixed numerical value, and they are arranged in specific ways to represent different numbers.
Roman numerals are a system of numerical notation that originated in ancient Rome. They were used extensively throughout the Roman Empire and beyond.
List of Basic Roman Numerals
Roman Numeral |
Arabic Numeral |
I |
1 |
V |
5 |
X |
10 |
L |
50 |
C |
100 |
D |
500 |
M |
1000 |
Roman Numerals 1 to 100
Here is a list of Roman numbers from 1 to 100 and their conversion.
List of Roman Numbers from 1 to 100
|
Number |
Roman Numeral |
Number |
Roman Numeral |
Number |
Roman Numeral |
Number |
Roman Numeral |
Number |
Roman Numeral |
1
|
I
|
21
|
XXI
|
41
|
XLI
|
61
|
LXI
|
81
|
LXXXI
|
2
|
II
|
22
|
XXII
|
42
|
XLII
|
62
|
LXII
|
82
|
LXXXII
|
3
|
III
|
23
|
XXIII
|
43
|
XLIII
|
63
|
LXIII
|
83
|
LXXXIII
|
4
|
IV
|
24
|
XXIV
|
44
|
XLIV
|
64
|
LXIV
|
84
|
LXXXIV
|
5
|
V
|
25
|
XXV
|
45
|
XLV
|
65
|
LXV
|
85
|
LXXXV
|
6
|
VI
|
26
|
XXVI
|
46
|
XLVI
|
66
|
LXVI
|
86
|
LXXXVI
|
7
|
VII
|
27
|
XXVII
|
47
|
XLVII
|
67
|
LXVII
|
87
|
LXXXVII
|
8
|
VIII
|
28
|
XXVIII
|
48
|
XLVIII
|
68
|
LXVIII
|
88
|
LXXXVIII
|
9
|
IX
|
29
|
XXIX
|
49
|
XLIX
|
69
|
LXIX
|
89
|
LXXXIX
|
10
|
X
|
30
|
XXX
|
50
|
L
|
70
|
LXX
|
90
|
XC
|
11
|
XI
|
31
|
XXXI
|
51
|
LI
|
71
|
LXXI
|
91
|
XCI
|
12
|
XII
|
32
|
XXXII
|
52
|
LII
|
72
|
LXXII
|
92
|
XCII
|
13
|
XIII
|
33
|
XXXIII
|
53
|
LIII
|
73
|
LXXIII
|
93
|
XCIII
|
14
|
XIV
|
34
|
XXXIV
|
54
|
LIV
|
74
|
LXXIV
|
94
|
XCIV
|
15
|
XV
|
35
|
XXXV
|
55
|
LV
|
75
|
LXXV
|
95
|
XCV
|
16
|
XVI
|
36
|
XXXVI
|
56
|
LVI
|
76
|
LXXVI
|
96
|
XCVI
|
17
|
XVII
|
37
|
XXXVII
|
57
|
LVII
|
77
|
LXXVII
|
97
|
XCVII
|
18
|
XVIII
|
38
|
XXXVIII
|
58
|
LVIII
|
78
|
LXXVIII
|
98
|
XCVIII
|
19
|
XIX
|
39
|
XXXIX
|
59
|
LIX
|
79
|
LXXIX
|
99
|
XCIX
|
20
|
XX
|
40
|
XL
|
60
|
LX
|
80
|
LXXX
|
100
|
C
|
Roman Numerals Chart (1 to 1000)
Roman Numerals from 1 to 100 are shown in the image added below,
Roman Numerals 100 to 1000
The Roman Numbers for 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 are discussed in the table below,
Roman Numerals Conversion
|
Number
|
Roman Numerals
|
Evaluation
|
100
|
C
|
100
|
200
|
CC
|
100 + 100
|
300
|
CCC
|
100 + 100 + 100
|
400
|
CD
|
500 – 100
|
500
|
D
|
500
|
600
|
DC
|
500 + 100
|
700
|
DCC
|
500 + 100 + 100
|
800
|
DCCC
|
500 + 100 + 100 + 100
|
900
|
CM
|
1000 – 100
|
1000
|
M
|
1000
|
Note– Roman Number System does not have any symbol for zero (0) unlike other number systems.
So the question arises: to increase the number by a multiple of 10 what symbol we must use initially different symbols are used for 10, 100, 1000, and other. But this seems very complex to use different symbols, hence Roman Number System is not further used today.
Roman Letters
English Letters are also called Roman Letters but all English letters are not Roman letters. In English, we have 26 letters namely,
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z.
While, in Roman Letters, we have 23 letters namely,
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, X, Y, and Z.
Observing the above-given letters we can say that Roman Numerals have 23 letters of English Letters except, J, U, and W.
Roman Numbers to Numbers
- Write down the numerical value of each Roman numeral symbol
- I: 1
- V: 5
- X: 10
- L: 50
- C: 100
- D: 500
- M: 1000
- Start from the leftmost numeral.
- If a numeral is smaller than the one immediately after it, subtract its value from the next numeral.
- If a numeral is equal to or greater than the one immediately after it, add its value.
Example
Convert the Roman numeral “IV” to a number.
- I: 1
- V: 5
- Since I come before V, we subtract its value from V. So, IV = 5 – 1 = 4.
- Therefore, IV in Roman numerals is equivalent to 4 in numbers.
Convert the Roman numeral “XII” to a number.
- X: 10
- I: 1
- I: 1
- Since I come before II, we add their values together: II = 1 + 1 = 2.
- Adding X (10) to II (2), we get 10 + 2 = 12.
- Therefore, XII in Roman numerals is equivalent to 12 in numbers.
Convert the Roman numeral “XLV” to a number.
- X: 10
- L: 50
- V: 5
- Since X comes before L, we subtract its value from L: XL = 50 – 10 = 40.
- Adding V (5) to XL (40), we get 40 + 5 = 45.
- Therefore, XLV in Roman numerals is equivalent to 45 in numbers.
Rules to Write Roman Numerals
While writing Roman Numerals, we have to follow these conversion rules :
Rule 1. If a bigger letter proceeds to a smaller then the letters are added.Â
For example XI, X > I, so XI = X + I = 10 + 1 = 11
Rule 2. If a smaller letter proceeds to a smaller then the letters are subtracted.Â
For example IX, I < X, so IX = IX = 10 – 1 = 9
Rule 3. If a letter repeats multiple time they are added
For example XXX = X + X + X = 10 + 10 + 10 = 30
Rule 4. A letter can not be repeated more than three times and  V, L, and D cannot be repeated, they appear only once.
Steps of Conversion to Roman Numerals
Let us find the Roman Numerals for 1234.
Here are the steps of conversion into roman numerals:
Step 1: Break the given number in such a form that the value of each part is known in Roman Numerals such as
1234 = 1000 + 100 + 100 + Â 10 + 10 + 10 + 5 – 1
Step 2: Substitute each Roman numeral for the given Hindu numerals,
- 1000 = D
- 100 = C
- 10 = X
- 5 = V
- 1 = I
Step 3: Substitute each value to find the given Roman Numerals.
1234 = DCCXXXIV
Subtractive Rule of Roman Numerals
The subtractive rule of Roman Numerals is made clear in the table discussed below,
Write
|
Instead of
|
For the Value of
|
IV
|
IIII
|
4
|
IX
|
VIIII
|
9
|
XL
|
XXXX
|
40
|
XC
|
LXXXX
|
90
|
CD
|
CCCC
|
400
|
CM
|
DCCCC
|
900
|
Roman Numerals 1-100 Examples
Here are some solved examples on Roman Numbers.
Example 1: Convert 47 into Roman Numeral.
Solution:
47 = 50 – 3
We know that,
Now, 47 = IIIL
Example 2: Convert 2023 into the Roman Numeral.
Solution:
2023 can be broken as,
2023 = 1000 + 1000 + 10 + 10 + 1 + 1 + 1
We know that,
Thus,Â
2023 = MMXXIII
Example 3: Simplify MXVII – LXV + II
Solution:
Given:Â
MXVII – LXV – II
We know thatÂ
- MXVII = 1017
- LXV = 65
- II = 2
Now, substituting these we get;
MXVII – LXV – II = 1017 – 65 + 2 = 954
Example 4: Simplify C + XLVII – XVII
Solution:
Given:Â
C + XLVII – XVII
We know thatÂ
- C = 100
- XLVII = 47
- XVII = 17
Now, substituting these we get;
C + XLVII – XVII = 100 + 47 – 17 = 130
Roman Numerals Worksheet
Here are some exercise problems on Roman Numbers for you to solve.
1: What is the Square of X?
2: What is the Square Root of LXXXI?
3: Add the roman numerals XXV and L
4: Subtract XL from C.
5: What is the value of XXIV and XXV.
Related Articles:
Conclusion – Roman Numeral
Roman numerals are a system of numerical notation that was used in ancient Rome and is still occasionally used today. They consist of seven symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D, and M, representing the numbers 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 respectively.
Roman Numerals 1 to 100 – FAQs
What are Roman Numerals?
Roman Numerals constitute a number system that uses a set of letters to represent various numbers such as 1 is represented by I, 5 is represented by V, etc.
How to write 10 in Roman Numerals?
In Roman numerals, 10 is written using the Roman letter, X
How to write Roman Numerals from 1 to 100?
The details of writing roman numerals from 1 to 100 are mentioned above in this article.
Write Roman Numerals from 1 to 10.
The Roman numbers from 1 to 10 are represented in the table below,
Hindu Numbers
|
Roman Numbers
|
Hindu Numbers
|
Roman Numbers
|
1
|
I
|
6
|
VI
|
2
|
II
|
7
|
VII
|
3
|
III
|
8
|
VIII
|
4
|
IV
|
9
|
IX
|
5
|
V
|
10
|
X
|
How to Write 100 in Roman Numerals?
In Roman numerals, 100 is written using the Roman letter, C.
What is L in Roman Numbers?
The value of L in Roman Numerals is 50.
What is XL in Roman numerals?
In Roman numerals, XL represents the number 40.
What is XII in Roman Numerals ?
The value of Roman Numerals XII in Hindu-Arabic Numerals is 12 (twelve).
What is the value of Roman Numeral VI?
The value of Roman Numerals VI in Hindu-Arabic Numerals is 6 (six).
What is IV in Roman Numerals?
The value of Roman Numerals IV in Hindu-Arabic Numerals is 4 (four).
What is M in Roman numerals?
In Roman numerals, “M” represents the number 1,000.
What is K in roman numerals?
In Roman numerals, the letter K represents 1,000.
What is 2000 in roman number?
The Roman numeral for 2000 is MM.
What is 999 in roman number?
The number 999 in Roman numerals is CMXCIX.
What is 5000 in roman number?
The number 5000 in Roman numerals is VĚ…. To represent 5000 in Roman numerals, you can use the symbol V with a vinculum (bar) on it.
How do you write 69 in roman numerals?
The Roman numeral for 69 is LXIX.
What is 1,00,000 in roman numerals?
The Roman numeral for 100,000 is ÂŻÂŻÂŻÂŻC C ÂŻ. In Roman numerals, the symbol “C” represents 100, and a bar over the symbol represents 100,000.
Which roman number is never repeated?
When writing Roman numerals, the symbols V, L, and D are never repeated.
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