Top 10 Longest Living Animals on Earth (Updated 2024)

Longest Living Animals on Earth: While humans may have a maximum life span limit of 130 years, this is much less compared to some animals, which can live for centuries. Interestingly, some animals can even slow down or reverse the ageing process. But this is also a fact that most animals rarely approach their maximum possible age due to reasons like diseases, infant mortality, predator threat, habitat destruction, poaching, competition from other animals for food, climate change, and many other factors. 

The study of the longest-living animals, also known as the study of longevity, has been of great interest to scientists and researchers for many years. With advances in technology and a deeper understanding of biology, researchers have been able to identify and study species that have exceptional lifespans. These species have been found in various habitats and environments, from the depths of the oceans to the tops of mountains.

In this article, we will look at the top 10 longest-living animals and explore their unique characteristics.

List of longest-living Animals on Earth 2024

Here is a list of the longest-living organisms in the world:

Why do Some Animals Live Longer Than Others?

Various factors contribute to the differences in lifespan among animals. Some of the main factors include:

• Genetics: An animal’s genetic makeup plays a major role in determining its lifespan. Some species have genes that protect against the effects of ageing, while others are more susceptible to age-related decline.
• Size: Smaller animals tend to live longer than larger ones because they have a slower metabolism and lower rates of cell division, which leads to less cellular damage over time.
• Habitat and Environment: The environment and habitat in which an animal lives can impact its lifespan. For example, animals that live in harsh environments with limited resources may have shorter lifespans due to the stress and physical demands placed on their bodies.
• Lifestyle: An animal’s lifestyle and behavior also play a role in determining its lifespan. Animals that lead sedentary lifestyles or have high levels of activity may have shorter or longer lifespans, respectively.
• Reproductive strategy: Some species have a slower reproductive strategy and invest more resources into individual offspring, which can result in a longer lifespan.

The longevity of an animal is the result of a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors.

Top 10 longest-living animals on Earth

Here is a detailed list of the top 10 longest-living animals:

10. Antarctic Sponge

Today, we’re talking about a tough animal, the Antarctic sponge. It lives in the cold Antarctic Ocean and is one of the longest-living animals on Earth. Despite the harsh environment, these simple creatures manage to survive for a really long time.

Let’s learn more about them—what makes them unique, how they adapt, and why they can live for so many years.

• Life Span: Antarctic sponges live over 1,500 years.
• Key Features: Simple structure, primitive animals, resilient to extreme conditions.
• Size and Weight: Small size, a few centimeters in height, light due to porous body structure.
• Habitat: Thrive in the extreme cold of the Antarctic Ocean, attach to seafloor, form colonies.
• Life in Slow Motion: Slow metabolic rate contributes to their longevity.
• Adaptations to Extreme Conditions: Evolved to withstand low temperatures and limited food.
• Reproduction: Reproduce through budding, contributing to colony persistence.
• Unique Biology: Filter nutrients from water, slow growth, minimalistic structure.
• Conservation Significance: Crucial for Antarctic conservation, maintain ecological balance.
• Interesting Fact: Considered living fossils, representing an ancient lineage that endured for millennia, providing insights into Earth’s history and adaptability.

9. Longfin Eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii)

The Longfin Eel, known as Anguilla dieffenbachii, is an interesting water creature with a long life and special features. It lives in the freshwaters of New Zealand and Australia and has unique qualities that make it stand out. From its slim body to how it has babies, the Longfin Eel is a notable part of the water world.

Let’s look into the important things that make it interesting in the marine life scene.

• Life Span: Up to 100 years.
• Key Features: Slender body, long dorsal and anal fins, scaleless skin.
• Size and Weight: Females reach 1.5 meters, males around 80 centimeters; comparatively lighter due to elongated body.
• Habitat: Found in New Zealand and Australia’s rivers, lakes, and estuaries.
• Life in Slow Motion: Slow metabolism contributes to a leisurely pace of life.
• Adaptations to Extreme Conditions: Endure changes in temperature and low oxygen levels.
• Reproduction: Migrate thousands of kilometers to spawn in the deep-sea trenches of the Pacific Ocean.
• Unique Biology: Can breathe air, surviving in low-oxygen environments.
• Conservation Significance: Vital for biodiversity and nutrient cycling.
• Interesting Fact: The exact age is challenging to determine, adding a mysterious element to their remarkable lifespan.

8. African Elephant

In our exploration of the top 10 longest-living animals, the African Elephant stands out for its impressive lifespan and unique characteristics.

Let’s delve into key aspects that make it one of the enduring species on our planet.

• Life Span: 60 to 70 years in the wild.
• Key Features: Large ears, distinctive trunk, and tusks.
• Size and Weight: Largest land animals, males 10 to 13 feet tall, weighing 5,000 to 14,000 pounds.
• Habitat: Found in savannas, forests, and deserts across Africa.
• Life in Slow Motion: Slow reproductive rate, giving birth after a 22-month gestation period.
• Adaptations to Extreme Conditions: Adaptable to diverse environments, including heat and scarce water.
• Reproduction: Female elephants give birth to single calves, family units led by older females.
• Unique Biology: Complex social structures, strong family bonds, and advanced intelligence.
• Conservation Significance: Crucial for ecological balance, contributing to seed dispersal.
• Interesting Fact: Communicate through various sounds, including trumpeting, rumbling, and infrasound.

7. Koi (Cyprinus carpio)

In our look at animals that live a long time, we focus on the Koi fish, scientifically called Cyprinus carpio. People like these fish because of their bright colours, and they are often kept in decorative ponds. The Koi has become a symbol of lasting strength and positive meanings.

Let’s explore the main things that make the Koi an enduring part of the underwater world.

• Life Span: Upto 25 to 35 years in well-maintained environments.
• Key Features: Vibrant colors, and distinctive patterns, popular in ornamental ponds.
• Size and Weight: Vary in size from a few inches to over three feet, some weighing several pounds.
• Habitat: Originally from Japan, now found in ornamental ponds worldwide.
• Life in Slow Motion: Slow metabolic rate contributes to their longevity in captivity.
• Adaptations to Extreme Conditions: Resilient to changes in water conditions, temperature, and environment.
• Reproduction: Common breeding in captivity, females produce thousands of eggs during spawning.
• Unique Biology: Social behaviour, forming hierarchies, and the ability to recognize their owners.
• Conservation Significance: Not endangered, contributes to aquaculture, and is valued in various cultures.
• Interesting Fact: The symbol of good luck and prosperity in Japanese culture, is associated with positive symbolism.

6. Greenland Shark (Somniosus microcephalus)

In our look at animals that live a really long time, the Greenland Shark, scientifically called Somniosus microcephalus, is in focus. These sharks are found in the very cold depths of the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans and are known for living a really long time.

Let’s learn about the important things that make the Greenland Shark interesting in the world of ocean life.

• Life Span: Over 400 years, making it one of the longest-living vertebrates.
• Key Features: Slow growth, dark skin, distinct appearance.
• Size and Weight: Can reach lengths of up to 24 feet and weigh over a ton.
• Habitat: Thrives in the cold, deep waters of the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans.
• Life in Slow Motion: Exhibits a slow metabolism and growth rate, contributing to its remarkable age.
• Adaptations to Extreme Conditions: Specialized circulatory system for survival in the harsh Arctic environment.
• Reproduction: Females reach sexual maturity around 150 years old, with a low reproductive rate.
• Unique Biology: Known for longevity and unique eye adaptations for low-light conditions in the deep ocean.
• Conservation Significance: Crucial for ecosystem balance, not directly targeted by fisheries.
• Interesting Fact: Considered the longest-living vertebrates on Earth, emphasizing the importance of studying these deep-sea inhabitants.

5. Ocean Quahog (Arctica islandica)

In our look at creatures that live a really long time, the Ocean Quahog, scientifically called Arctica islandica, is in focus. Found deep in the North Atlantic waters, this simple mollusk with hard shells is one of the animals that live the longest.

Let’s explore the important things that make the Ocean Quahog interesting in the world of marine life.

• Life Span: Over 500 years, ranking among the longest-living animals.
• Key Features: Hard, clam-like shells, simple appearance.
• Size and Weight: Shells range from a few inches to over 6 inches, weighing several pounds.
• Habitat: Dwells in the deep waters of the North Atlantic, favouring muddy or sandy substrates.
• Life in Slow Motion: Maintains a slow growth rate, contributing to an extended lifespan.
• Adaptations to Extreme Conditions: Thrives in the deep ocean, adapted for cold temperatures and low-oxygen environments.
• Reproduction: Reproduces by releasing eggs and sperm into the water for external fertilization.
• Unique Biology: Exhibits concentric shell rings, each representing a year of growth.
• Conservation Significance: Not directly targeted, but understanding their importance aids in assessing deep-sea ecosystem health.
• Interesting Fact: Age is determined by counting growth rings, providing insights into historical ocean conditions.

4. Bowhead Whale  (Balaena mysticetus)

In our study of long-living marine animals, we focus on the Bowhead Whale, scientifically called Balaena mysticetus. This massive mammal, known for its long life, swims in Arctic waters.

Let’s explore the important details that make the Bowhead Whale an interesting part of the ocean world.

• Life Span: Over 200 years, making them one of the longest-living mammals.
• Key Features: Massive, robust heads, distinctive curved mouth.
• Size and Weight: Exceeding 60 feet in length, weighing up to 100 tons.
• Habitat: Primarily found in frigid Arctic and subarctic waters, adept at navigating icy expanses.
• Life in Slow Motion: Slow metabolism and growth rate contribute to their exceptional age.
• Adaptations to Extreme Conditions: Specialized blubber layers and a robust skull enable survival in icy environments.
• Reproduction: Slow reproductive rate, with females giving birth to a single calf every 3 to 4 years.
• Unique Biology: Filter-feed on plankton and small fish with long, curved baleen plates.
• Conservation Significance: No longer targeted by commercial whaling, vital for balance and biodiversity in Arctic ecosystems.
• Interesting Fact: Possess the longest baleen of any whale species, reaching up to 14 feet, aiding in unique feeding habits.

3. Rougheye Rockfish (Sebastes aleutianus)

In our look at sea creatures, we’re checking out the Rougheye Rockfish, scientifically called Sebastes aleutianus. This rockfish lives in deep-sea areas and has some interesting features.

Let’s explore the important things that make the Rougheye Rockfish a cool member of the underwater world.

• Lifespan: 200+ years, one of the longest-living vertebrates.
• Key Features: Reddish-brown, spiny, large eyes, bottom dwellers.
• Size: Up to 38 inches, 14 pounds, apex predators.
• Habitat: Cold North Pacific (Alaska, BC, Washington), 30-330ft depths, 43°F.
• Life in Slow Motion: Low metabolism, energy conservation.
• Adaptations: Antifreeze proteins, efficient cold-water enzymes.
• Reproduction: Ovoviviparous, internal fertilization, live young.
• Unique Biology: Sequential hermaphrodites, can switch sex.
• Conservation Significance: Crucial ecosystem role, threatened by overfishing.
• Interesting Facts: Sharp eyes, cleaning shrimp partnerships, environmental indicators.

2. Red Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus)

In our study of ocean life, we’re looking at the Red Sea Urchin, scientifically called Strongylocentrotus franciscanus. These creatures live underwater and have some special features.

Let’s explore the important things that make the Red Sea Urchin an interesting sea creature.

• Lifespan: 100+ years, with some reaching 200!
• Key Features: Vibrant red (or purple/brown) spiky body, slow-moving, kelp-munching.
• Size: Up to 8 inches wide, spiky armor for protection.
• Habitat: Eastern Pacific Ocean’s rocky reefs and kelp forests, shallow depths.
• Life in Slow Motion: Slow metabolism conserves energy for longevity.
• Adaptations: Tolerate salinity/temperature changes, and regenerate lost spines.
• Reproduction: External fertilization, drifting larvae, tiny urchin offspring.
• Unique Biology: Remarkable regeneration abilities, regrow limbs and even bodies.
• Conservation Significance: Crucial for kelp forest health, threatened by overfishing/ocean changes.
• Interesting Facts: Light-sensitive, symbiotic relationships, regeneration research potential.

1. Galapagos Giant Tortoise (Chelonoidis niger)

In our exploration of diverse wildlife, let’s focus on the Galapagos Giant Tortoise, scientifically known as Chelonoidis niger. These massive tortoises, native to the Galapagos Islands, are distinct for their size and longevity.

Let’s delve into the essential characteristics that make the Galapagos Giant Tortoise a remarkable inhabitant of the archipelago.

• Lifespan: Over 100 years, some reach 177! Longest-living land animal ever recorded.
• Key Features: Largest living tortoise species, massive domed shells, males weigh up to 919 lbs.
• Size and Weight: Males up to 4.3 ft, females 3.3 ft. Imagine carrying a small car on your back!
• Habitat: Galapagos Islands, roam volcanic slopes, munch cactuses, bask in the sun.
• Life in Slow Motion: Incredibly slow metabolism, move leisurely, graze, soak up the sun.
• Adaptations: Store water in bladders, extract moisture from food, and go months without drinking.
• Reproduction: Slow and steady, head-bobbing, neck stretching, leathery eggs, hatchlings face challenges.
• Unique Biology: Regenerative abilities, repair shells, regrow limbs. Nature built them tough!
• Conservation Significance: Threatened by habitat loss, and invasive species, crucial to protect them.
• Interesting Facts: Studied by Charles Darwin, unique shell shapes/sizes, and friendly personalities.

Importance of Studying Longest Living Species 

1. Understanding of Longevity and Aging: By studying the longest-living species, researchers can gain insights into the biology of aging and learn how these species have evolved to live for such a long time.
2. Biodiversity: Long-lived species play an important role in the ecosystem and contribute to the overall biodiversity of the planet. By protecting these species, we can help maintain the balance of the ecosystem.
3. Climate Change: Many of the longest-living species are also the ones most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, such as ocean acidification, rising temperatures, and loss of habitat. By studying these species and their resilience to environmental changes, we can better understand the impacts of climate change on the planet.
4. Cultural Significance: Some of the longest-living species have significant cultural and historical value and hold a special place in human history.

Summing Up

Though these animals have long lifespans, they are not immune to human activities. Today, anthropogenic activities, leading to over-exploitation of species, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change, are negatively impacting the lives of animals and have shortened their life spans.

Animals are an important component of biodiversity, and their protection should be of utmost importance for all. The study and protection of the longest-living species are crucial for gaining a better understanding of the biology of aging, maintaining biodiversity, and addressing the impacts of climate change. These species play a unique role in the ecosystem and in human culture and it is important that we work to protect them for future generations.

Longest Living Animals on Earth – FAQs 

Which animal can live up to 200 years?

Bowhead whales can live up to 200 years which makes them one of the longest-living mammals in the world.

Which was the first animal on earth?

Sponges are believed to be the earliest animals. Molecular evidence points out that sponges came into existence more than 700 million years ago. 

Do animals live longer than humans?

Yes, several animals are known to live longer than humans. Some of them are the bowhead whale, giant tortoise, and Greenland shark.

Are the longest-living animals also the largest?

Not necessarily. While some of the longest-living animals, like elephants and tortoises, are large, other animals, like ocean quahog clams and tubeworms, are quite small in size.

Which is the longest-living bird?

The longest-living bird is believed to be Albatross (seabird) which can live for over 70 years.