Strings in C++ and How to Create them?
Strings in C++ are used to store text or sequences of characters. In C++ strings can be stored in one of the two following ways:
- C-style string (using characters)
- String class
Each of the above methods is discussed below:
1. C style string: In C, strings are defined as an array of characters. The difference between a character array and a string is the string is terminated with a special character ‘\0’. In C, the string is actually represented as an array of characters terminated by a null string. Therefore the size of the character array is always one more than that of the number of characters in the actual string. This thing continues to be supported in C++ too. The C++ compiler automatically sets “\0” at the end of the string, during the initialization of the array.
Initializing a String in C++:
1. char str[] = "Geeks";
2. char str[6] = "Geeks";
3. char str[] = {'G', 'e', 'e', 'k', 's', '\0'};
4. char str[6] = {'G', 'e', 'e', 'k', 's', '\0'};
Below is the memory representation of the string “Geeks” in C++.
Example:
C++
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[] = "Geeks" ;
cout << str;
return 0;
}
|
2. Standard String representation and String Class: In C++, one can directly store the collection of characters or text in a string variable, surrounded by double quotes. C++ provides a string class, which supports various operations like copying strings, concatenating strings, etc.
Initializing string in C++:
1. string str1 = "Geeks";
2. string str2 = "Welcome to GeeksforGeeks!";
Example:
C++
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str1 = "Welcome to GeeksforGeeks!" ;
string str2( "A Computer Science Portal" );
cout << str1 << endl << str2;
return 0;
}
|
Output:
Welcome to GeeksforGeeks!
A Computer Science Portal
Last Updated :
11 Mar, 2023
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