How to Check if a Key Exists in a Dictionary in TypeScript ?

In TypeScript dictionaries are used whenever the data is needed to be stored in key and value form. We often retrieve the data from the dictionaries using an associated key. Therefore it becomes crucial to check whether the key exists in a dictionary or not.

We can use the below methods to check if a key exists or not in a dictionary.

1. Using an ‘in’ operator

The ‘in’ operator checks whether a specific key or a property exists in an object or not. It is a widely used approach as it provides a simplistic way to check the existence of a key in TypeScript dictionaries.

Syntax:

if(key in dictionary){
   // key exists
} else{
   // key does not exist
}

Example: The below code uses the ‘in’ operator to check if a key exists in a dictionary in TypeScript.

Javascript

interface Dictionary{
    [key:string]:string;
}
let dictionary:Dictionary = {
    "name": "geeksforgeeks",
    "desc": "A computer science portal",
    "est": "2009" };
let keyToCheck:string = "other";

if (keyToCheck in dictionary) {
    console.log(
        `Key ${keyToCheck} exists in the dictionary.`);
} else {
    console.log(
        `Key ${keyToCheck} doesn't exist in the dictionary.`);
}

Output:

"Key other doesn't exist in the dictionary."

2. Using the hasOwnProperty method

The ‘hasOwnProperty’ method is a TypeScript built-in method that we use to check if an object has a property with a specific key. It returns a boolean value and is used when we want to explicitly check for the existence of a property.

Syntax

if(dictionary.hasOwnProperty(key)){
   // key exists
} else{
   // key does not exist
}

Example: The below code uses the ‘hasOwnProperty’ method to check if a key exists in dictionary in TypeScript.

Javascript

interface Dictionary{
    [key:string]:string;
}
let dictionary:Dictionary = {
    "name": "geeksforgeeks",
    "desc": "A computer science portal",
    "est": "2009" };
let keyToCheck:string = "name";

if (dictionary.hasOwnProperty(keyToCheck)) {
    console.log(
        `Key ${keyToCheck} exists in the dictionary.`);
} else {
    console.log(
        `Key ${keyToCheck} doesn't exist in the dictionary.`);
}

Output:

"Key name exists in the dictionary."

3. Using the undefined keyword

We know that the JavaScript objects returns an undefined if a key does not exist. Being a superset of JavaScript, TypeScript also returns an undefined if a key does not exist. Therefore, we can perform a simple check for undefined to determine the existence of a key in a dictionary in TypeScript.

Syntax

if(dictionary[key] !== undefined){
    // Key exists
} else{
    // Key does not exist
}

Example: The below code uses the ‘undefined’ keyword to check if a key exists in dictionary in TypeScript.

Javascript

interface Dictionary{
    [key:string]:string;
}
let dictionary:Dictionary = {
    "name": "geeksforgeeks",
    "desc": "A computer science portal",
    "est": "2009" };
let keyToCheck:string = "subjects";

if (dictionary[keyToCheck] !== undefined) {
    console.log(
        `Key ${keyToCheck} exists in the dictionary.`);
} else {
    console.log(
        `Key ${keyToCheck} doesn't exist in the dictionary.`);
}

Output:

"Key subjects doesn't exist in the dictionary."

4. Using the Map object

Similar to JavaScript, TypeScript also provides a dedicated data structure called as ‘Map‘ to store key-value pairs. It has ‘has’ method that is used to check if a specific key exists in the map. It can be used as a alternative to object-based approaches.

Syntax

if(map.has(key)){
   // key exists
} else{
   // key does not exist
}

Example: The below code uses the Map object to check if a key exists in dictionary in TypeScript.

Javascript

let map = new Map<string, string>();
map.set('name', 'geeksforgeeks');
map.set('desc', 'A computer science portal');
map.set('est', '2009');
let keyToCheck:string = "desc";

if (map.has(keyToCheck)) {
    console.log(
        `Key ${keyToCheck} exists in the dictionary.`);
} else {
    console.log(
        `Key ${keyToCheck} doesn't exist in the dictionary.`);
}

Output:

"Key desc exists in the dictionary."

5. Using for loop

In this approach we iterate over the keys of the dictionary using for loop and compare each key with the key we searching for.

Example: The below code uses the for loop to check if a key exists in dictionary in TypeScript.

Syntax:

for (let key in dict) {
  if (key === keyToFind) {
    keyExists = true;
  }

JavaScript

interface Dictionary {
  [key: string]: any;
}

const dict: Dictionary = {
    org: 'GeeksForGeeks',
    founder: 'Sandeep Jain' };
let keyToFind = 'org';

let keyExists = false;
for (let key in dict) {
  if (key === keyToFind) {
    keyExists = true;
    break;
  }
}

if (keyExists) {
  console.log('Key ' + keyToFind + ' exists in the dictionary.');
} else {
  console.log('Key ' + keyToFind + ' does not exist in the dictionary.');
}

Output:

Key org exists in the dictionary.