In government exams like SSC, Banking, Railways, etc we find many questions from the General Science section. This is a very broad section and questions are very important from an exam point of view. we will cover the General Science section comprehensively so that students can learn and get most of the questions correct in this section. In this article, we will discuss the most Important Laws of Science.
Most Important Laws of Science:
1. Charle’s Law: For constant pressure, the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to absolute temperature.
2. Coulomb’s Law: The force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and in inverse proportion to the square of the distance between the charges.
3. Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion: Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion – formulated in the early 17th century – describe how the planets orbit the sun.
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The first law, also called the law of orbits, states that the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits.
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The second law, the law of area, states that the lines connecting the planets and the sun cover the same area over the same period. In other words, if you measure the area created by drawing a line from the Earth to the Sun and track the Earth’s motion for 30 days, the area will be the same no matter where the Earth is in its orbit at the start of the measurement.
- The third law of periods allows us to establish a definite relationship between a planet’s orbital period and its distance from the Sun. Thanks to this law, we know that planets relatively close to the Sun like Venus have much shorter orbital periods than more distant planets like Neptune.
4. First Law of Thermodynamics, also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy: The total amount of energy in a system remains constant over time. It is said to be preserved over time. As a result of this law, energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transformed from one state to another.
5. Second Law of Thermodynamics: Energy flows from a highly concentrated area to adjacent less concentrated area. For example, temperature and pressure differences within a system isolated from the outside world are likely to equalize over time, causing heat to flow from hotter to cooler locations. Scientists describe this as the entropy of an isolated system, which tends to increase over time.
6. Newton’s laws of motion: These are not entirely “true” at very small or very large scales, but they are valid for all of our everyday observations. These three laws state:
The velocity of an object remains constant unless an external force acts on it.
A body’s acceleration is parallel and directly proportional to its net force and inversely proportional to its mass.
The mutual forces of action and reaction between two bodies are equal, opposite, and collinear (for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction).
7. Law of Universal Gravitation: Two objects exert an attractive force on each other that is proportional to the product of their masses and in inverse proportion to the square of their distance. This applies not only to the ball bearings but also to planets and stars.
8. Avogadro’s Law: Equal volumes of all gases under the conditions of the same temperature and pressure have the same number of molecules.
9. Archimedes Principle: An object completely or partially immersed in a liquid is propelled upwards by a force equal to the weight of the liquid it displaces. Boyle’s Law: For a constant volume of an ideal gas kept at a constant temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. Boyle’s Law is a consequence of the more general Gas Law, which states that the product of pressure and volume is proportional to the temperature of the system.
10. Bernoulli’s Principle: Under ideal conditions, the velocity of a liquid increases with decreasing pressure.
11. Ohm’s Law: Current flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference between the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance between the two points.
12. Hooke’s Law: The elongation of a spring is directly proportional to the load acting on it.
13. Snell’s Law: It is also known as the law of refraction, which is a formula that describes the bending angle of light or other waves as they cross the boundary between two dissimilar materials such as water, glass, or air.
14. The Doppler effect: It is the change in pitch you notice as the siren moves closer and further away. When something moves towards you, the sound waves are focused closer and the pitch increases. When something moves away from you, the sound wave spreads out further and lowers in pitch. The Doppler effect also appears in electromagnetic waves.
15. The principle of natural selection: It states that members of a species with traits best suited to survival in their environment are likely to have traits best adapted to survive in that environment and to pass on those traits to their offspring. increase. Natural selection itself does not explain the origin of different traits within members of a species as a result of small statistical variations or mutations. Note that it does not lead to any action. There may also be an element of chance involved if the population is small.
16. Bernoulli’s law of Large Numbers: While it may not be possible to reliably predict a single event, such as the death of a particular person, it is possible to predict the average outcome of many similar events with great accuracy. The superposition principle is the concept that when many influences act on a system, the total influence is the sum of the individual influences. Note that this is only true for so-called linear systems.