Endocrine System :
The endocrine system, like the low-speed circulatory service, regulates activity communication by transmitting information in the blood via chemical messengers. Endocrine glands and other parts of organs in placed hormone-released tissue or cells produce the endocrine system.
Practice Questions :
Que 1. Which of the following is the most minor gland (smallest) in the human body?
(a) Adrenal gland
(b) Apocrine sweat gland
(c) Pineal gland
(d) None of the above
Ans-(c) Pineal gland
- The pineal gland is the smallest gland with a length of about 5-8 mm and the liver is the largest gland in the human body.
- It is situated in the epithalamus, close to the middle of the brain.
- The pineal gland produces melatonin.
Que 2. Which hormone in the human body regulates the sleep-wake cycle?
(a) Prolactin
(b) Cortisol
(c) Progesterone
(d) Melatonin
Ans-(d) Melatonin
- The hormone melatonin is crucial for controlling the sleep-wake cycle’s 24-hour rhythms.
- Further, melatonin affects the metabolism, menstrual cycle, and skin pigmentation.
- It also contains the cardiac rhythms of the human body.
- Melatonin increases secretion and promotes good sleep.
- This hormone regulates the menstrual cycle and delays puberty.
Que 3. Which glands are referred to as the ‘master gland?
(a)Pituitary
(b) Adrenal
(c) Pancreas
(d) Hypothalamus
Ans- (a) Pituitary
- The Pituitary gland referred to as the ‘master gland’, is an endocrine gland.
- The pituitary gland secretes hormones straight into the bloodstream, primarily producing TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), prolactin hormones, and also growth hormones.
Que 4. Which Hormone is responsible for the “Fight-or-Flight” Reaction?
(a) Thyroxine and melatonin
(b) Insulin and glucagon
(c) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
(d) Oestrogen and progesterone
Ans- (c) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
- The hormones epinephrine(adrenaline) and norepinephrine( noradrenaline).These hormones move through the blood to every region of your body.
- Adrenaline is the body’s activator and is produced in response to anxiety, exercise, or fear. This hormone serves as the foundation of the ‘fight-or-flight’ response.
Que 5. What hormone does the posterior pituitary gland store?
(a) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
(b) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
(c) Oxytocin
(d) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Ans-(c) Oxytocin
- Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are the two hormones that the posterior pituitary is primarily responsible for storing and releasing.
- The oxytocin hormone stimulates their uterine contractions, which speeds up labor during childbirth.
- Additionally, it stimulates the production of breast milk and affects parent-child bonding.
- Oxytocin helps sperm move in persons who are born with the gender given to them as male.
Que 6. Which gland is not part of the endocrine gland?
(a) Pituitary gland
(b) Sebaceous gland
(c) Pineal gland
(d) Adrenal gland
Ans-(b) Sebaceous gland
- The sebaceous gland is not part of the endocrine gland because it is part of the exocrine gland.
- The endocrine organs that are arranged in our body include the pituitary, pineal, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid, thymus, and gonads.
- The endocrine system is made up of endocrine glands and hormones.
Que 7. How many different kinds of hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete?
(a) One
(b) Six
(c) Three
(d) Four
Ans- (b) Six
- The anterior pituitary comprises cell clusters that generate six hormones and are injected directly into your bloodstream.
- The anterior pituitary gland produces six main hormones which are mentioned below.
- prolactin (PRL)
- growth hormone (GH)
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- luteinizing hormone (LH)
- follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Que 8. Which hormones regulate the growth of mammary glands?
(a) Prolactin
(b) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
(c) Follicle-stimulating hormone
(d) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Ans- (a) Prolactin
- Prolactin regulates the growth of the mammary glands and the production of milk in them.
- Prolactin is another name for lactotropin.
- During pregnancy and after delivery, prolactin induces the breasts to expand and produce milk.
Prolactin levels are typically high for pregnant females and new mothers.
Que 9. Hypothalamus is the basic component of which of the following?
a) Forebrain
b) Midbrain
c) Hindbrain
d) Mesencephalon
Ans- (a) Forebrain
- The hypothalamus controls a vast range of bodily activities and is the fundamental component of the diencephalon or forebrain.
It has many nuclei, which are collections of neurosecretory cells that create hormones.
Que 10. What gland is placed just above the kidneys?
(a) Thymus
(b) Adrenal.
(c) Pineal
(d). Ovaries
Ans-(b) Adrenal
- The Adrenal Glands gland is placed just above the kidneys.
- They are also referred to as suprarenal glands.
- Adrenal glands release hormones that help stimulate human metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress, and other necessary functions.
Que 11. Which of these is not an endocrine property?
(a) hormones reach targets through the blood
(b) effects are slow and cyclic
(c) rapid-acting
(d) effects caused by chemicals.
Ans-(c) Rapid -acting effect
- The endocrine system is made up of numerous gland-like structures.
- These glands, which can be found all over your body, produce and secrete hormones. Hormones are substances that communicate with your organs, skin, muscles, and other tissues through your blood to coordinate various bodily functions.
- The rapid-acting effect is not a property of the endocrine system.
- Rapid-acting is a type of insulin that is used to control your sugar level.
Que 12. Who can help to regulate the metabolic rate in the human body?
A. Thyroid.
B. Parathyroid.
C. Testes.
D. Pancreas.
Ans-( a) Thyroid
- Thyroid Gland help to regulate the metabolic rate in the human body
- BMR is defined to be the rate of use of energy by a resting system to maintain its vital essential activities.
- The Thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine target all cells to promote the release of energy from nutrients that have been stored, accelerating cellular metabolism and promoting overall growth and development.
- The thyroid hormone (TH) controls human metabolism as well as metabolic processes necessary for healthy growth and development. (
Que 13. The Pancreatic islets in the pancreas that produce hormones are________?
(a) Nodules.
(b) Islets of Langerhans
(c) Glucagon
(d) Pancreatic cortex
Ans-(c) Glucagon
- Pancreatic islets are referred to as islets of Langerhans and are tiny clusters of cells spread all over the pancreas.
- The pancreas produces and secretes hormones through collections of specialized cells.
- Glucagon and the insulin hormone are released by pancreatic islets.
- Glucagon to aid in controlling your blood glucose (sugar) levels.
Que 14. Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the:
(a) Thyroid.
(b) Parathyroid
(c) Both a and b
(d) None of these
Ans-(b) Parathyroid
- Parathyroid glands generate parathyroid hormone (PTH) which raises your blood calcium levels.
- If the calcium levels are too low, the parathyroid glands will produce PTH that will elevate blood calcium to the proper levels.
Que 15. Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus?
(a) Muscle coordination
(b) Regulating body temperature.
(c) Managing sexual behavior.
(d) None of these
Ans-(a) Muscle coordination
- The hypothalamus consists of a number of centers that regulate body temperature. and Managing sexual behavior.
- It also consists of several groups of neurosecretory cells, which released hormones called hypothalamic hormones.
- The hypothalamus is included in various daily activities such as eating or drinking, energy maintenance, and the maintenance of memorizing, and stress control.
Que 16. Which Gland in the human body is controlled by Blood pressure?
(a) Adrenal gland
(b) Thyroid gland
(c) Thymus gland
(d) Corpus luteum
Ans- (a) Adrenal gland
- The adrenal glands are small glands situated on the top of each kidney.
- Numerous hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex.
- The most significant are aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid), cortisol (a glucocorticoid), and androgens and estrogen (sex hormones).
- These hormones support the control of numerous vital processes, including the immune system, blood pressure, stress response, and metabolism.
Que 17. Who can regulate the Body temperature?
(a) Pituitary
(b) Thalamus
(c) Hypothalamus
(d) Cerebellum
Ans-(c) Hypothalamus
- The hypothalamus has a multitude of centers that control sexual behavior and body temperature.
- The Hypothalamus is located in the center of the human brain and is almost the size of an almond.
- The anterior, middle, and posterior regions make up the three main parts of the hypothalamus’ structure.
Que 18. Which gland controls the functioning of other endocrine glands?
(a) Thyroid Gland
(b) Pineal Gland
(c) Adrenal glands
(d). Pituitary gland
Ans-(d) Pituitary gland
- The pituitary gland regulates the activities of other endocrine glands.
- The pituitary is frequently referred to as the master gland because its hormones regulate other components of the endocrine system such- as the thyroid glands, ovaries, and testes.
- The anterior lobe and posterior lobe are the two sections that make up the pituitary gland. Both components serve different aims.
- This gland has a one-third-inch diameter and is found at the base of the brain.
Que 19. The deficiency of growth hormone leads to
(a) Dwarfism
(b) Gigantism
(c) Acromegaly
(d) Goitre
Ans-(a) Dwarfism
- Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is commonly known as dwarfism.
- Dwarfism is a condition caused by the body’s inability to generate enough growth hormone.
- Children with GHD are typically built yet have abnormally small statures.
- Growth Hormone Deficiency may be congenitally present at birth or may appear later (acquired).
Que 20. What is the name of the substance that endocrine glands chemicals produce?
(a) Hormones
(b) Neurons
(c) Sodium
(d) Vitamins
Ans-(a) Hormones
- Hormones, which are chemical molecules secreted by endocrine glands, are carried to target tissues via the bloodstream.
- The body contains more than 20 steroid hormones, including testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, and cortisone.