The following questions are useful in SSC, banking and other government exams. The human body is made up of billions of tiny components that can be classified into 4 groups: cells, tissues, organs, and systems. An organ is a collection of different tissues that are interconnected in such a way that they can jointly perform a certain function.
Q.1 What is the primary function of oxygen in cellular respiration?
a) Glucose Breakdown
b) Enzyme Stimulate
c) Activates Mitochondria
d) Final Acceptor of electrons in ETC
Ans-(d) Final Acceptor of electrons in ETC
- The process through which cells produce the energy they need to function is known as cellular respiration.
In this instance, oxygen is absorbed in the final phase of the electron transport chain (ETC). In the mitochondrial membrane, that occurs. - The largest amount of ATP is produced in this step, and the oxygen ensures that an electron acceptor is available.
Q.2 Which cell has axons and dendrites?
a) Neuron
b) WBC
c) Platelets
d) RBC
Ans-(a) Neuron
- Nerve cells, or neurons, transmit and receive information from the brain.
- The dendrites, the cell body, and the axon are the three components of a neuron.
-
Dendrites-
- The finger-like cells called dendrites are found on the terminal of a neuron.
- They are tiny, branching fibres that protrude from the nerve cell’s cell body.
- Appendages called dendrites are made to receive signals from neighbouring cells.
-
Cell Body-
- The cell body, also known as the soma or perikaryon, is the portion of the neuron that houses the nucleus.
- The metabolic core of the neuron is the cell body. The cell body preserves the structural integrity of the neuron, houses the genetic material, and supplies energy to power operations.
-
Axon-
- An axon is a little fibre that projects from a neuron, or nerve cell, and is in charge of carrying electrical messages that aid in movement and sensory perception.
Remarkable Point
- RBC is another name for erythrocytes.
- RBCs aid in the body’s transportation of oxygen.
- WBC is also referred to as leukocytes.
- WBC plays a crucial function in the body’s defence against foreign invaders.
Q.3 Which of the following is the smallest bone in the human body?
a) Femur
b) Stapes
c) Patella
d) None of these
Ans-( b) Stapes
The stapes, which are found in the middle ear, are the smallest bone in the human body.
- The staples are 3 mm by 2.5 mm.
- Malleus, stapes, and Incus are the three bones that make up the middle ear.
- The smallest of the three bones, the stapes resembles a bell.
Q.4 Which of the following organ systems moves blood throughout the body?
a) Nervous System
b) Cardiovascular System
c) Reproductive System
d) Muscular System
Ans-(b) Cardiovascular System
- The circulatory system is another name for the cardiovascular system.
- This is made up of the vessels that carry blood and lymph through the body.
- The arteries and veins transport blood throughout the body, providing the tissues with oxygen and nutrition and removing waste products from the cells.
Q.5 Which part of the human respiratory system provides a surface for the exchange of gases?
a) Alveoli
b) Bronchioles
c) Bronchi
d) Trachea
Ans-(a) Alveoli
Alveoli, part of the human respiratory system, provide a surface for the exchange of gasses.
- The main function of the human respiratory system is to inhale the air and use the Oxygen present in the air then transported it to different body parts using that oxygen food is broken down to be stored in the form of energy (ATP).
Q.6 The major excretory product in human beings is:
a) Urea
b) Ammonia
c) Uric acid
d) Ammonium chloride
Ans: (a) Urea
- Some waste products are released while our cells carry out their functions. These must be eliminated from the body since they are harmful.
- Excretion is the process of removing wastes created in the cells of living things. the components of the excretory system that are engaged in excretion.
- Human excretory system: The kidneys’ blood capillaries serve as the necessary filtering mechanism for the blood. Both beneficial and detrimental chemicals are present in the blood when it reaches the two kidneys.
- The beneficial elements are reabsorbed into the blood. Urine is excreted with the wastes that have dissolved in water.
Q.7 Humans’ kidneys are a component of the Which system
a) Excretion
b) Urinary
c) Respiration
d) Transportation
Ans-(a) Excretion
- One of the major components of the excretory system in humans is the kidney.
- Blood is filtered by the kidneys, which also clear the body of waste and poisonous substances. By urine, wastes and extra fluid are eliminated.
- A person who has failed kidneys must have dialysis.
- Dialysis is a medical procedure that uses a machine to filter and purify blood.
- The human excretory system consists of specific organs that eliminate wastes produced by the body, including salts, carbon dioxide, urea, uric acid, and water.
Q.8 Which one of the following is NOT a part of the urinary system?
a) Urinary bladder
b) Ureter
c) Bronchi
d) Urethra
Ans-(c) Bronchi
Urinary System
- The kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra are among the organs of the urinary system.
- It is kept in the bladder and expelled by the urethral aperture, which is located at the end of a muscular tube.
- After the body has absorbed the nutrients from meals that it requires, waste products are left behind in the blood and the colon, where they are then converted into energy by the body.
Q.9 Which organ of the body is purified Blood?
a) Kidney
b) Lungs
c) Heart
d) Intestine
Ans-(a) Kidney
- Kidneys purified the blood and existence the nitrogenous wastes present in them.
- Kidneys also help support overall fluid balance in the body.
- A quarter (750–1000 quarts) of the blood that the heart excretes each day is purified by the kidney.
Q.10 According to the ancient Charaka Samhita, how many bones are in a human body?
a) 206
b) 360
c) 370
d) 208
Ans-(b) 360
- An important Sanskrit book on Ayurveda medicine is the Charaka Samhita.
- The author of it is Maharshi Charaka.
- According to the Charaka Samhita,
- The Charaka Samhita mentioned that the content of the book was first taught by Atreya Punarvasu.
- One of the most important pieces of Hindu literature about medicine to have survived from ancient India is this one.
- According to the scripture “Charaka Samhita,” a human body contains 360 bones.
- After studying the human anatomy, Charaka came to the conclusion that there are 360 bones total in the human body, including the teeth.
- According to the Charaka Samhita literature, there are four key components of medical practice:
- The sufferer.
- The doctor.
- The nurse.
- The medication,
- Approximately 270 bones make up the human body at birth.
- The number of bones will be reduced to approximately 206 bones by adulthood after some bones get fused together.
Q.11 How many bones are present in the human spinal column?
a) 33
b) 32
c) 35
d) 30
Ans- (a) 33
- The human spinal column is made up of 33 bones.
- Vertebrae separated by a disc.
- Each vertebra is given a name according to its location.
Q.12 Which type of connective tissue connects two bones together?
a) Tendons
b) Muscles
c) Cartilages
d) Ligaments
Ans-(d) Ligaments
- Ligaments are the connective tissue that connects two bones to each together.
- Ligaments are a short band of tough flexible connective tissues.
- Tendons are made up of collagen.
- Tendons linked bones to muscles.
- There are 11 major organ systems in humans.
- Cartilage is a main structural component of the body. It is a firm tissue but is softer and much more flexible than bone.
Q.13 The ability of a cell to divide into two equal daughter cells is called?
a) Fragmentation
b) multiple fission
c) binary fission
d) budding
Ans-(c) : Binary fission
- The ability of a cell to divide into two equal daughter cells is called binary fission.
- In the binary fission process, the organism copies its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid DNA, before splitting into two sections (cytokinesis), with each new creature obtaining a single copy of the genetic material. Multicellular fragmentation, a kind of asexual reproduction, involves the division of an organism into pieces.
- The asexual reproduction mechanism known as multiple fission produces many daughter cells from the parent cell as opposed to just two. Budding is a type of asexual reproduction when a new organism grows from an outgrowth or bud as a result of cell division at a specific site.
Q.14 Humans normally have a number of pairs of autosomes.
a) 10
b) 21
c) 20
d) 22
Ans-( d) :22
- There is a total of 46 chromosomes are present in the human body.
- Each chromosome is paired with another chromosome which means in pair22 chromosomes are present in the human body.
- One pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes are present.
- The sex chromosomes are X and Y. In males, there are 44A + XY and in females, there are 44A + XX.
Q.15 Which part does the process of fertilization take place in humans?
a) Uterus
b) Fallopian tube
c) Ovary
d) Vagina
Ans- (b) Fallopian tube
- The process of fertilization in the human body participates in the union of women’s eggs and sperm in the fallopian tube.
- After it leads to the development of a zygote cell or fertilizes an egg. • Another process to fertilize eggs and sperm is called IVF which stands for “In Vitro fertilization”.
- In IVF the egg cells are fertilized through the sperm outside the uterus.
- Ejaculation during copulation and ovulation is where the human fertilization process starts.
- The fallopian tube is also known as the uterine tube or salpinges.
- It facilitates the movement of eggs from the ovary to the uterus Gabriele
- The tube was named after the Italian anatomist Gabriele Falloppio.
Q.16 Which one of the following blood groups has a Universal blood group?
a) A
b) AB
c) O
d) B
Ans- (c) O
- O blood types are different because they lack antigens.
- O negative blood is regarded as the most common type of blood donor.
- All positive blood types A, AB, B, and O are compatible with it.
- You have an A antigen if you have blood type A
- You have a B antigen if you have blood type B.
- The AB blood type denotes the presence of both the A and B blood antigens.
- The least common blood type is it. An individual with AB blood has all conceivable antigens.
- The recipient’s blood type must be AB positive, usually known as AB+.
- This indicates that a person with the blood type AB+ can safely accept blood from any other blood type.
Q.17.What is the name of the gland that controls blood pressure in the human body?
a) Thalamus Gland
b) Adrenal Gland
c) Thyroid Gland
d) Pancreas Gland
Ans-(b) Adrenal Gland
- The small, triangular-shaped adrenal glands, also called suprarenal glands, are found on top of both kidneys.
- The adrenal glands create hormones that control your blood pressure, immune system, metabolism, and other vital processes.
Q18. which organ formed lymphocytes cells?
a) Liver
b) Bone Marrow
c) Pancreas
d) Spleen
Ans. (b) Bone Marrow
- Lymphocytes develop in the thymus and bone marrow (yellow), which are therefore called central lymphoid organs.
- Bone marrow is a tissue that is found in spongy or cancellous portions of bones. It is a semi-solid tissue.
- Bone marrow is containing marrow adipose tissue, supportive stromal cells, of hematopoietic cells.
- In mammals and birds, it is the primary site of new blood cell production.
- On the basis of the prevalence of hematopoietic cells vs fat cells, human marrow is characterized as “Yellow” or “Red” marrow.
Q.19 What is the largest gland in the human body?
a) Pancreas
b) Liver
c) Salivary gland
d) adrenal gland
Ans-(b) Liver
- It is an auxiliary organ of the digestive system and the biggest gland in the body. o Bile is continually produced by it.
- To convert food into energy and absorption lipids, bile exits the liver through the right and left hepatic ducts, the common hepatic ducts, and the small intestine. o In humans, it is situated beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
Q.20 Which is the longest organ of the digestive system in the human body?
a) Pancreatic duct
b) Small intestine
c) Large intestine
d) Esophagus
Ans-(b) Small intestine
- The digestive system’s longest segment is the small intestine.
- The small intestine measures 7 meters in length (22 feet). The small intestine’s primary jobs are to absorb nutrients and finish food digestion.
- Food generally passes through the small intestine in three to six hours. The small intestine receives three main
- substances: bile, pancreatic enzymes, and alkaline juice (HCO3-).
- The small intestine is responsible for absorbing around 80% of water, the large intestine is responsible for absorbing10% of water, and the final 10% of water is expelled in faeces.
- The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum are the three sections of the small intestine. The duodenum is where iron is absorbed, while the majority is absorbed in the jejunum and vitamin B12.