A summit meeting is a gathering of heads of state or government that typically attracts a lot of media attention, is held in a secure location, and has a set agenda. This article is based on the important summit held in India in 2021-2022.
G-7 Summit
- It comprises of seven industrialized nations– The United States, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and The United Kingdom. It was started back in 1975. The G7 was dubbed the G8 for a while after Russia joined the original seven in 1997. After Russia was expelled from the group in 2014 as a result of its invasion of the Crimean peninsula of Ukraine, the organization was renamed the G7. The G20 includes India and each of the G7 nations. The group meets once a year to talk about topics like international security, energy policy, and global economic governance.
- According to the website for the Summit, the G7 nations will account for 10% of the worldwide population, 31% of global GDP, and 21% of global carbon dioxide emissions as of 2022. The two most populous nations, China and India, which have among the highest GDPs worldwide, are excluded from the grouping. In 2021, public sector spending outpaced revenue in all G7 nations. The majority of G7 nations also have substantial gross debt, particularly the US, Japan, and Italy, which together accounted for 263% of GDP (133 percent ).
G7 Summit according to the year :
| Year | Edition |
| 2020 | 46th |
| 2021 | 47th |
| 2022 | 48th |
| 2023 | 49th |
| 2024 | 50th |
G-20 Summit:
- It is a loose coalition of 19 countries and the European Union, as well as representatives from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. It was founded in 1999 in response to a series of global economic crises. It has met at least once a year since 2008.
- It accounts for roughly two-third of the world’s population, 85 percent of global GDP, 80 percent of global investment, and more than 75 percent of global trade.
Year-wise details of the Summit :
| Year | Country | Edition |
| 2021 | Italy | 16th |
| 2022 | Indonesia | 17th |
| 2023 | India | 18th |
| 2024 | Brazil | 19th |
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) :
- It was announced on June 15, 2001, and went into effect on September 19, 2003. India became a member in 2017. The SCO headquarters are in Beijing, China. Zhang-Ming is its secretary-general. It has nine member countries. China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Iran are among them (9th member). India and Pakistan will join in 2017. Every year, the summit is held.
- SCO Summit is of two types:
- Summit with the head of states- The PM participates in this conference.
- Summit with the head of Government- In this summit the representatives of government participate. It may be a Home Minister, Finance Minister, etc.
SCO Summit and head of states:
| Year | Country, City |
| 2021 | Tajikistan, Dushanbe |
| 2022 | Uzbekistan, Samarkand |
SCO Summit and head of Government:
| Year | Country |
| 2021 | Kazakhstan |
| 2022 | China |
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
- It is a political and economic union of ten Southeast Asian member states that promotes inter-governmental cooperation. It is made up of ten countries. Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam are among them.
- It was established on August 8, 1967, with headquarters in Jakarta, Indonesia. Lim Jock Hoi is its secretary-general.
| ASEAN Summit 2022 | Cambodia | 40th |
| ASEAN Summit 2022 | Cambodia | 41st |
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) :
- APEC is a Pacific Rim inter-governmental forum of 21 Pacific Rim economies that promotes free trade throughout the Asia-Pacific region. It first opened its doors in 1989. The APEC Headquarters are in Queenstown, Singapore. APEC has 21 member countries.
- Rebecca Fatima Sta Maria serves as Executive Director, and Prayut Chan-o-cha of Thailand serves as Chairperson (2022).
| Year | Place | Edition |
| 2021 | New Zealand | 33rd |
| 2022 | Thailand | 34th |
| 2023 | United States | 35th |
| 2024 | Brunei | 36th |
| 2025 | South Korea | 37th |
BRICS :
- Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa are the five largest economies that are merging and are collectively known as the BRICS. The first four were referred to as the “BRIC” before South Africa was included in 2010. It was created during the 61st General Assembly of the United Nations meeting in September 2006. On June 16, 2009, the inaugural BRIC summit took place. Summit 2021 was held in India. The word “BRIC” was first used to refer to the four emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China in 2001 by British economist Jim O’Neill.
- According to the abbreviation B-R-I-C-S, the forum’s chairmanship is rotated among the members each year. The 2021 chair is held by India.
- Five of the major emerging nations in the world are represented by the BRICS, accounting for 16% of global trade, 24% of the global GDP, and 41% of the world’s population.
- The Agreement establishing the New Development Bank was signed by the leaders at the Sixth BRICS Summit in Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2014. (NDB – Shanghai, China).
- In order to usher in a new era of global development, the 14th BRICS Summit’s theme was “Foster High-quality BRICS Partnership.” Ministers from the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Indonesia, Argentina, Nigeria, Senegal, and Thailand participated in the BRICS Plus virtual conference, which was conducted in conjunction with the main event.
| Summit | Country |
| 2021 | India |
| 2022 | China |
First-ever Animal Health Summit 2022 :
The Animal Health Summit was held to better understand the role of animal health in achieving India’s larger goals of rural income and prosperity, food and nutrition security, and overall economic development. The summit was organized by the Indian Chamber of Food and Agriculture (ICFA) in collaboration with the Agriculture Today Group. Parshottam Rupala, Union Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and Dairying, was the event’s chief guest and inaugurated the summit. It is a two-day event with numerous panel discussions on topics such as:
- Animal Health policy initiatives
- Business environment in Animal Health Sector
- Investment opportunities in the Animal Health sector.
- Cooperative Movement in Livestock Sector
BIMSTEC Summit :
- On March 30, 2022, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi will attend the 5th BIMSTEC Summit. Sri Lanka, the current BIMSTEC chair, will virtually host the Summit Meeting. S. Jaishankar, the minister of external affairs, will also go to Sri Lanka from March 28 to March 30 in order to attend the BIMSTEC Foreign Ministers meeting there. It will be 25 years after BIMSTEC was founded in 2022. Thailand assumed the role of BIMSTEC chair nation following the Summit.
- “Towards a Resilient Region, Prosperous Economies, and Healthy People” is the focus of the fifth BIMSTEC Summit.
QUAD Summit :
- On May 24, 2022, the Tokyo, Japan, Quad summit officially began. Participants will include the leaders of the Quad nations- Australia, India, Japan, and the United States.
- Narendra Modi, the prime minister of India, Joe Biden, the president of the USA, Fumio Kishida, the prime minister of Japan, and Anthony Albanese, the freshly elected prime minister of Australia, all attended the summit. The Summit saw the debut of QUAD Fellowship. It is a groundbreaking scholarship initiative that strives to encourage connections between the four members of Quad on a personal level.