Before learning about File Servers, we need to understand why it is introduced into computer networks. Different users within a network need file storage and file-sharing solution which is accessible from any location. So they upload their files to a server and share them with their companion on a network. This server is termed a File Server. For understanding it better, we can imagine it like a Google Drive or a Dropbox.
What is a File Server?
The central server in a computer network that is responsible for the storage and management of data files is called a File Server. In a File Server, users access a central storage space that acts as a medium to store the internal data. The users can share information over a network without having to physically transfer files. The server administrator has given strict rules that which users have the access to the files. These rules include opening, closing, adding, deleting, and editing a file.
Apart from accessing the files via a local network, users can also benefit from remote access. This includes accessing and saving the desired file on the server even when users are on the go. It makes a remote file system accessible to clients. The File Servers can also be used as a Backup Server and Respiratory for programs which means the files are accessible to multiple network participants.
Type of File Server:
File Servers can be categorized as:
- Dedicated File Server: Dedicated File Server solely provide services to other computers. This can be in a particular local-area network or having a properly authorized access request associated with a computer system. It is dedicated to one purpose- being a File Server. A dedicated File Server offers sufficient storage space for the website. Also, it is more secure.
- Non-Dedicated File Server: The function of a Non-Dedicated File Server is like any other workstation that permits it to utilize itself as a workstation. These File Servers can be used simultaneously as a workstation, also for everyday tasks. A Non-Dedicated File Server offers less storage space for the website. It is less secure and can be compromised by a fraudster.
Working of File Server:
Let’s first talk about the best hardware suitable for the foundation of the authentic file server. The hardware should offer enough space, working memory, and processing power. This helps the users in convenient file sharing, processing, and accessing files more quickly as possible.
File Server
File Servers don’t make any changes to the existing files. This is because they store the data as a heap of binary data and files in the form of blobs(Binary Large Object). So they don’t perform any additional filtering or processing of data(executables, documents, photos, and video). The only way of working with File Servers is to make a file system that is accessible to clients.
Features of File Server:
- Multiple users can access files simultaneously.
- Protocols are set for authorization.
- FTP(File Transfer Protocol) and SFTP(Secure File Transfer Protocol) are used over the internet for accessing files.
- Blocking multiple users from editing the same file at the same time is called File Locking.
- One can use a download server for ease.
Advantages:
- Helps in resource and information sharing.
- Helps in central storage of data.
- Helps in connecting with multiple computers for sending and receiving information when accessing the network.
- Faster-problem-solving.
- Boots Storage Capacity.
- Highly flexible and reliable.
Disadvantages:
- Costly setup.
- The risk from viruses and malware.
- It lacks independence.
- Requires time for constant administration.
- It lacks Robustness.
Protocols in File Server:
Some of the File Server Protocols are Server Message Block(SMB), Network File System(NFS), and File Transfer Protocol(FTP).
- Server Message Block(SMB): The network File sharing protocol allowing applications to do some operations to request services for the server is called Server Message Block(SMB). These operations can be reading or writing files in a computer network. LAN File Servers use this protocol. It is supported for Windows and macOS.
- Network File System(NFS): A distributed file system whose operation is to store files on a network is referred to as a Network File System(NFS). These operations can be accessing files(create, remove, read, write) and directories over a network and acting like they are present locally.
- File Transfer Protocol(FTP): The process involving sending and receiving files between devices over a network is called File Transfer Protocol(FTP). It is a standard communication protocol. It is built on a client-server model architecture means clients can execute information from the remote file system directly.