Our Top Social Science Experts prepare these NCERT Solutions Rights – Class 11 NCERT Solution discusses the nature of rights and explores the different types of rights that are enshrined in the Indian Constitution. The chapter also discusses the importance of rights, and how they can be used to protect the interests of citizens. Our Top Social Science Experts prepare these NCERT Solutions to take care of all Important Topics that might be asked in the upcoming examination 2024-2025. So, Students can refer to these solutions for their final Examination preparation.
These Class 11 Political Science Chapter-5: Rights NCERT Solutions are carefully developed using easy-to-understand language while adhering to the guidelines for solving NCERT Solutions for Class 11. Working through these solutions can be highly beneficial for students in their board exams and preparing for future competitive Exams.
NCERT Solutions Class-11 Political Science Chapter-5: Rights
Exercises Page No 78
Q1. What are rights and why are they important? What are the bases on which claims to rights can be made?
Answer:
Rights are entitlements or freedoms that individuals possess by virtue of being human. They are considered fundamental to human dignity and well-being, serving as protection against injustice and oppression.
Rights are important for several reasons:
- Rights protect individuals from arbitrary interference by the state or others, ensuring that they can exercise freedoms such as speech, religion, and association without undue constraint.
- Rights affirm the inherent worth and equality of all individuals, regardless of their background or circumstances, and promote respect for human dignity.
- Rights contribute to social cohesion and justice by establishing standards of fairness and equality, ensuring that all members of society are treated with respect and afforded equal opportunities.
- Rights serve as a check on government power, restricting the state’s ability to infringe upon individual liberties and ensuring accountability and transparency in governance.
Claims to rights can be made on the basis of various grounds:
- Rights are inherent in human nature or derived from natural law, meaning that they exist independently of human-made laws or institutions.
- Rights can be enshrined in legal frameworks such as constitutions, statutes, and international treaties, providing individuals with legal protections and avenues for redress in case of violations.
- Claims to rights may be grounded in moral or ethical principles, such as principles of fairness, justice, and respect for human dignity.
Q2. On what grounds are some rights considered to be universal in nature? Identify three rights which you consider universal. Give reasons.
Answer:
Some rights are considered universal based on their applicability to all individuals, regardless of nationality, culture, or background. They are grounded in principles of human dignity, equality, and fairness, and are recognized as fundamental to the well-being and autonomy of every person.
Three rights that are commonly considered universal are:
- The right to life: The right to life is universally recognized as fundamental to human existence and dignity. It encompasses the right to be free from arbitrary deprivation of life and includes protections against genocide, murder, and other forms of violence.
- The right to freedom of expression: Freedom of expression is essential for the exchange of ideas, the pursuit of knowledge, and the exercise of political participation. It allows individuals to voice their opinions, beliefs, and perspectives without fear of censorship or retaliation, promoting dialogue, diversity, and democracy.
- The right to equality before the law: Equality before the law ensures that all individuals are treated with fairness and impartiality by legal systems and institutions. It prohibits discrimination based on characteristics such as race, gender, religion, or socio-economic status, and guarantees equal protection and access to justice for all.
Q3. Discuss briefly some of the new rights claims which are being put forward in our country today — for example the rights of tribal peoples to protect their habitat and way of life, or the rights of children against bonded labour.
Answer:
In recent years, there has been an increasing recognition and advocacy for new rights claims in various sectors of society. Some of these emerging rights claims in our country include:
- Rights of Tribal Peoples to Protect Their Habitat and Way of Life: With the growing awareness of environmental degradation and threats to indigenous communities, there is a demand for the recognition and protection of the rights of tribal peoples to their traditional lands, natural resources, and cultural heritage. This includes rights to land ownership, self-governance, and the preservation of traditional livelihoods and cultural practices.
- Rights of Children Against Bonded Labour: Despite legal prohibitions, bonded labor persists in various parts of the country, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as children. There is a push for stronger enforcement of laws against bonded labor and the protection of children’s rights to education, health, and a safe and nurturing environment free from exploitation.
- Rights of LGBTQ+ Communities: There is a growing movement for the recognition and protection of the rights of LGBTQ+ individuals, including rights to non-discrimination, equality, and freedom from violence and harassment. This includes advocacy for legal reforms to decriminalize same-sex relationships, recognize gender identity, and ensure equal rights and protections for LGBTQ+ individuals in all spheres of life.
- Rights of Persons with Disabilities: There is an increasing focus on the rights of persons with disabilities to accessibility, inclusion, and equal participation in society. This includes advocacy for accessibility in physical environments, public services, and information and communication technologies, as well as the promotion of employment opportunities, education, and social integration for persons with disabilities.
Q4. Differentiate between political, economic and cultural rights. Give examples of each kind of right.
Answer:
|
Rights Category |
Description |
Examples |
|---|---|---|
|
Political Rights |
Rights that pertain to political participation and freedom from governmental interference. |
|
|
Economic Rights |
Rights related to economic well-being, employment, and access to resources. |
|
|
Cultural Rights |
Rights that protect cultural identity, heritage, and participation in cultural life. |
|
Q5. Rights place some limits on the authority of the state. Explain with examples.
Answer:
Rights place limits on the authority of the state by defining areas where government intervention or control is restricted, ensuring the protection of individual freedoms and liberties. Examples of rights that place limits on state authority include:
- Freedom of Speech: The right to freedom of speech limits the state’s ability to censor or restrict individuals’ expression of ideas, opinions, or beliefs. Governments are prohibited from silencing dissenting voices or suppressing freedom of the press, allowing citizens to criticize the government and participate in public discourse without fear of retaliation.
- Right to Privacy: The right to privacy limits the state’s authority to intrude into individuals’ personal lives or private affairs without just cause. It protects against unwarranted government surveillance, searches, or seizures, ensuring that individuals have control over their personal information and autonomy over their private spaces.
- Right to Due Process: The right to due process places limits on the state’s power to deprive individuals of life, liberty, or property without fair and impartial legal procedures. It guarantees individuals’ rights to a fair trial, legal representation, and protection against arbitrary detention or punishment, ensuring that justice is administered fairly and transparently.
Summary – NCERT Solutions Political Science Chapter 5: Rights
The chapter begins by defining rights as “claims that are necessary for leading a life of respect and dignity.” It goes on to explain that rights are not something that are given to us by the government, but rather something that we are entitled to as citizens. The chapter then discusses the different types of rights that are enshrined in the Indian Constitution, including fundamental rights, civil rights, and political rights. The chapter also discusses the importance of rights, and how they can be used to protect the interests of citizens. It explains that rights help to ensure that all citizens are treated equally, and that they have the opportunity to participate in the democratic process. The chapter also discusses the role of the courts in protecting rights, and how citizens can use the law to enforce their rights.
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FAQs on NCERT Solutions Political Science Chapter 5: Rights
What is the focus of NCERT Solutions Polity Chapter 5: Rights?
The chapter focuses on the concept of rights, their significance, and their role in shaping democratic societies.
How are rights defined within the context of the chapter?
Rights are defined as entitlements or freedoms that individuals possess by virtue of being human, essential for human dignity and well-being.
Why are rights considered important in a democracy?
Rights are important in a democracy because they protect individual freedoms, limit government power, and promote fairness, equality, and justice.
What are some examples of rights discussed in the chapter?
Examples include political rights (right to vote, freedom of speech), economic rights (right to work, education), social rights (right to healthcare, housing), and cultural rights (right to participate in cultural life).
How do rights place limits on the authority of the state?
Rights place limits on the authority of the state by defining areas where government intervention or control is restricted, ensuring the protection of individual freedoms and liberties.
Can rights be restricted or limited in certain circumstances?
Yes, rights can be restricted or limited in certain circumstances, such as in cases of national security, public order, or protection of other rights and freedoms.
What is the role of the judiciary in protecting and enforcing rights?
The judiciary plays a crucial role in protecting and enforcing rights by interpreting laws, adjudicating disputes, and ensuring that government actions comply with constitutional rights and principles.