How to Create a Responsive Navigation Bar with Dropdown?

Dropdowns in navigation bars are used to organize and display a variety of menu options within a limited screen size. Dropdown allow users to access multiple pages or sections of a website without hampering the interface of a website. We will see how to create a responsive navigation bar with a dropdown in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Approach

First, create a basic HTML structure for your web page and add some nav elements and a drop-down button so that when a user hovers over it the drop-down menu should be visible to the user.
Then use CSS to style your navigation bar elements, including fonts, colors, spacing, and layout.
And use the javascript to show the hamburger menu when the screen size is small and also add an event listener on it to show the navbar on the small screen.
You can make the website responsive using CSS media query.

Example: The example shows how to create a responsive navigation bar with a dropdown.

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" 
          content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Responsive Navigation 
             Bar With Dropdown
      </title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href=
"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.4/css/all.min.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
</head>

<body>
    <header class="header">
        <a href="/" class="brand-logo-a-tag">
          <img src="https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/gfg-gg-logo.svg"
                alt="Brand logo"> 
              <span class="brand-logo-name">GFG</span>
          </a>

        <nav class="navbar">
            <ul class="navbar-lists" id="myTopnav">
                <li>
                  <i class="fas fa-home"></i>
                  <a class="navbar-link home-link" 
                     href="#">
                    Home
                  </a>
                  </li>
                <li>
                  <i class="fas fa-user"></i>
                  <a class="navbar-link about-link" 
                     href="#about-us-section">
                    About Us
                  </a>
                </li>
                <li>
                  <i class="fas fa-envelope"></i>
                  <a class="navbar-link contact-link" 
                     href="#contact-form">
                    Contact Us
                  </a>
                  </li>
                <li class="dropdown">
                    <button class="dropbtn">
                      Dropdown 
                      <i class="fas fa-caret-down"></i>
                      </button>
                    <div class="dropdown-content">
                        <a href="#" class="navbar-link">
                          <i class="fas fa-user"></i>
                          Your Profile
                          </a>
                        <a href="#" class="navbar-link">
                          <i class="fas fa-newspaper"></i>
                          Your Articles
                          </a>
                        <a href="#" class="navbar-link">
                          <i class="fas fa-graduation-cap"></i>
                          Your Collage
                          </a>
                    </div>
                </li>
                <li>
                    <label class="switch">
                        <input type="checkbox" 
                               id="darkModeToggle">
                        <span class="slider round"></span>
                    </label>
                </li>
            </ul>
            <a href="javascript:void(0);" 
               class="icon" onclick="myFunction()">
                <i class="fa fa-bars"></i>
            </a>
        </nav>
    </header>


    <main>
        <section id="about-us-section">
            <div class="about-us-container">
                <h2 class="aboutus-heading">
                  About Us
                  </h2>
                <p>
                    <strong class="subheading"> 
                      Company Profile and Brand: 
                      </strong>
                    GeeksforGeeks is a leading platform that
                      provides computer science resources and
                      coding challenges for programmers and
                      technology enthusiasts, along with 
                      interview and exam preparations for 
                      upcoming aspirants. With a strong 
                      emphasis on enhancing coding skills
                      and knowledge, it has become a trusted
                      destination for over 12 million plus 
                      registered users worldwide. The platform
                      offers a vast collection of tutorials,
                    practice problems, interview tutorials,
                      articles, and courses, covering various
                      domains of computer science. Our 
                      exceptional mentors hailing from top 
                      colleges & organizations have the ability
                      to guide you on a journey from the humble
                      beginnings of coding to the pinnacle of 
                      expertise
                </p>
            </div>
        </section>
    </main>

    <footer>
        <p>&copy; 2024 Responsive Navigation Bar 
           With Dropdown. All rights reserved.
          </p>
    </footer>

    <script src="script.js"></script>
</body>

</html>

CSS

* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

:root {
    --header-green-color: #36ed22;
    --aboutus-background-green-color: rgb(28, 225, 97);
    --heading-color: #000;
    --primary-color: #2162e3;
    --heading-a-tag-color: #fff;
    --heading-a-tag-hover-color: #212121;
    --all-h2-color: #000;
    --aboutus-strong-color: #000;
    --aboutus-p-tag-color: #201f1f;
    --aboutus-border-color: rgb(28, 225, 97);
    --body-bg-color: rgb(28, 225, 97);
}

.dark-mode {
    --header-green-color: #515251;
    --aboutus-background-green-color: rgb(7, 8, 7);
    --heading-color: #fff;
    --primary-color: #212121;
    --heading-a-tag-color: #f2f3f9;
    --heading-a-tag-hover-color: #36ed22;
    --all-h2-color: #fff;
    --aboutus-strong-color: #36ed22;
    --aboutus-p-tag-color: #fff;
    --aboutus-border-color: rgb(142, 144, 143);
    --body-bg-color: #000;
}

body {
    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
    background-color: var(--body-bg-color);
    line-height: 1.6;
    overflow-x: hidden;

}

.brand-logo-name {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #fff;
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    padding: 5px;
}

a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--heading-a-tag-color);
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

a:hover {
    color: var(--heading-a-tag-hover-color);
}

.header {
    padding: 1.6rem 4.8rem;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    background-color: var(--header-green-color);
    box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px 0px rgba(132, 144, 255, 0.2);
    width: 100%;
    height: 10vh;
}

.header img {
    height: 30px;
    padding-top: 8px;
}

.navbar-lists {
    list-style-type: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    display: flex;
}

.navbar-lists li {
    margin-right: 20px;
}

.navbar-lists li:last-child {
    margin-right: 0;
}

.navbar-link {
    color: var(--heading-a-tag-color);
    padding: 10px;
    transition: background-color 0.3s;
}

.icon {
    display: none;
}

.navbar-lists li:nth-child(1) i {
    color: rgb(221, 228, 215);
}

.navbar-lists li:nth-child(2) i {
    color: rgb(33, 105, 239);
}

.navbar-lists li:nth-child(3) i {
    color: rgb(11, 12, 11);
}

.dropdown-content a:nth-child(1) i {
    color: rgb(33, 105, 239);
}

.dropdown-content a:nth-child(2) i {
    color: rgb(15, 223, 36);
}

.dropdown-content a:nth-child(3) i {
    color: rgb(230, 102, 17);
}



.switch {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
    width: 50px;
    height: 24px;
}

.switch input {
    opacity: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
}

.slider {
    position: absolute;
    cursor: pointer;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background-color: #ccc;
    -webkit-transition: .4s;
    transition: .4s;
}

.slider:before {
    position: absolute;
    content: "";
    height: 16px;
    width: 16px;
    left: 4px;
    bottom: 4px;
    background-color: white;
    -webkit-transition: .4s;
    transition: .4s;
}

input:checked+.slider {
    background-color: #2196F3;
}

input:focus+.slider {
    box-shadow: 0 0 1px #2196F3;
}

input:checked+.slider:before {
    -webkit-transform: translateX(26px);
    -ms-transform: translateX(26px);
    transform: translateX(26px);
}

.slider.round {
    border-radius: 34px;
}

.slider.round:before {
    border-radius: 50%;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
    .icon {
        display: flex;
        position: absolute;
        top: 20px;
        left: 20px;
        z-index: 999;
        color: #fff;
        font-size: 24px;
        cursor: pointer;
        flex-direction: row-reverse;
    }

    .navbar-lists {
        display: flex;
        position: fixed;
        top: 10%;
        left: -100%;
        background-color: var(--header-green-color);
        width: 40%;
        height: 100vh;
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        justify-content: flex-start;
        transition: left 0.3s ease;
        z-index: 998;
        padding-left: 40px;
    }

    .navbar-lists.responsive {
        left: 0;
        margin-right: 2rem;
    }

    .navbar-lists.responsive li {
        margin: 10px 0;
    }

    .navbar-link {
        padding: 5px 20px;
        text-align: left;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .navbar-link i {
        display: none;
    }

}



#about-us-section {
    background: var(--aboutus-background-green-color);
    text-align: center;
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0 auto;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    padding-bottom: 20px;
    border: 3px solid var(--aboutus-border-color);
    border-radius: 5px;

}

.dark-mode #about-us-section {
    border: none;
}

.about-us-container {
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
}

h2 {
    color: var(--all-h2-color);
}

.subheading {
    color: var(--aboutus-strong-color);
}

.about-us-container p {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--aboutus-p-tag-color);
    text-align: left;
}

.about-us-container p:first-of-type {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.about-us-container p:last-of-type {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
    .aboutus-heading {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }

    .about-us-container p {
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
}

footer {
    background-color: #333;
    color: #fff;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 20px 0;
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 100%;
}

.dark-mode footer {
    background-color: #222;
    border-top: 2px solid #fff;
}

/* Dropdown */
.dropdown {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
}

/* Dropdown Button */
.dropbtn {
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    color: var(--heading-a-tag-color);
    padding: 10px 20px;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    border-radius: 5px;
    transition: background-color 0.3s;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.dropbtn:hover {
    background-color: var(--primary-color-hover);
}


.dropbtn i {
    margin-left: 5px;
}

.dropdown-content {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    background-color: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    z-index: 1;
    border-radius: 5px;
    top: 100%;
    width: 160px;
}

.dropdown-content a {
    color: black;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
}

.dropdown-content a i {
    margin-right: 5px;
}

.dropdown-content a:hover {
    background-color: #f1f1f1;
}

.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content {
    display: block;
}


@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
    .dropdown {
        display: block;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }

    .dropdown-content {
        position: static;
        display: none;
        background-color: transparent;
        box-shadow: none;
        min-width: auto;
        border-radius: 0;
        width: 100%;
        top: initial;
    }

    .dropdown:hover .dropdown-content {
        display: block;
    }

    .dropbtn {
        padding: 10px 20px;
    }

    .dropdown-content a {
        padding: 10px 20px;
    }

    .dropdown-content a i {
        display: none;
    }

    .dropdown:hover .dropdown-content a i {
        display: inline-block;
    }
}

JavaScript

let darkModeToggle = document
                        .getElementById('darkModeToggle');
let body = document.body;
darkModeToggle.addEventListener('change', function () {
    if (darkModeToggle.checked) {
        enableDarkMode();
    } else {
        disableDarkMode();
    }
});

function enableDarkMode() {
    body.classList.add('dark-mode');
};

function disableDarkMode() {
    body.classList.remove('dark-mode');
};


function myFunction() {
    let x = document.getElementById("myTopnav");
    if (x.classList.contains("responsive")) {
        x.classList.remove("responsive");
    } else {
        x.classList.add("responsive");
    }
}

Output:

Output

Article Tags :

CSS

Web Technologies

CSS-Questions