Toggle bits of a number except first and last bits

Given a number, the task is to toggle bits of the number except the first and the last bit.

Examples:

Input : 10
Output : 12
Binary representation:- 1 0 1 0
After toggling first and last : 1 1 0 0

Input : 9
Output : 15
Binary representation : 1 0 0 1
After toggling first and last : 1 1 1 1

Prerequisite : Find most significant set bit of a number

1) Generate a number which contains middle bit as set. We need to change all middle bits to 1 and keep corner bits as 0.

2) Answer is XOR of generated number and original number. Note that XOR of 1 with a number toggles the number.

C++

// C++ Program to toggle bits
// except first and last bit
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

// return set middle bits
int setmiddlebits(int n)
{

    // set all bit
    n |= n >> 1;
    n |= n >> 2;
    n |= n >> 4;
    n |= n >> 8;
    n |= n >> 16;

    // return middle set bits
    // shift by 1 and xor with 1
    return (n >> 1) ^ 1;
}

int togglemiddlebits(int n)
{

    // if number is 1 then
    // simply return
    if (n == 1)
        return 1;

    // xor with
    // middle bits
    return n ^ setmiddlebits(n);
}

// Driver Code
int main()
{

    // Given number
    int n = 9;

    // print toggle bits
    cout<<togglemiddlebits(n);

    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program for toggle bits
// expect first and last bit
import java.io.*;

class GFG {

    // return set middle bits
    static int setmiddlebits(int n)
    {

        // set all bit
        n |= n >> 1;
        n |= n >> 2;
        n |= n >> 4;
        n |= n >> 8;
        n |= n >> 16;

        // return middle set bits
        // shift by 1 and xor with 1
        return (n >> 1) ^ 1;
    }

    static int togglemiddlebits(int n)
    {
        // if number is 1 then
        // simply return
        if (n == 1)
            return 1;

        // XOR with middle bits
        return n ^ setmiddlebits(n);
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void main (String[] args)
    {

        // Given number
        int n = 9;

        // print toggle bits
        System.out.println(togglemiddlebits(n));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by vt_m

Python3

# Python3 program for toggle bits
# expect first and last bit

# return set middle bits
def setmiddlebits(n):

    # set all bit
    n |= n >> 1;
    n |= n >> 2;
    n |= n >> 4;
    n |= n >> 8;
    n |= n >> 16;

    # return middle set bits
    # shift by 1 and xor with 1
    return (n >> 1) ^ 1

def togglemiddlebits(n):

    # if number is 1 then simply return
    if (n == 1):
        return 1

    # xor with middle bits
    return n ^ setmiddlebits(n)

# Driver code
n = 9
print(togglemiddlebits(n))

# This code is contributed by Anant Agarwal.

C#

// C# program for toggle bits
// expect first and last bit
using System;

class GFG {

    // return set middle bits
    static int setmiddlebits(int n)
    {

        // set all bit
        n |= n >> 1;
        n |= n >> 2;
        n |= n >> 4;
        n |= n >> 8;
        n |= n >> 16;

        // return middle set bits
        // shift by 1 and xor with 1
        return (n >> 1) ^ 1;
    }

    static int togglemiddlebits(int n)
    {

        // if number is 1 then
        // simply return
        if (n == 1)
            return 1;

        // XOR with middle bits
        return n ^ setmiddlebits(n);
    }

    // Driver Code
    public static void Main ()
    {

        // Given number
        int n = 9;

        // print toggle bits
        Console.WriteLine(togglemiddlebits(n));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Anant Agarwal.

PHP

<?php
// Php Program to toggle bits
// except first and last bit

// return set middle bits
function setmiddlebits($n)
{

    // set all bit
    $n |= $n >> 1;
    $n |= $n >> 2;
    $n |= $n >> 4;
    $n |= $n >> 8;
    $n |= $n >> 16;

    // return middle set bits
    // shift by 1 and xor with 1
    return ($n >> 1) ^ 1;
}

function togglemiddlebits($n)
{

    // if number is 1 then
    // simply return
    if ($n == 1)
        return 1;

    // xor with
    // middle bits
    return $n ^ setmiddlebits($n);
}

    // Driver Code
    $n = 9;

    // print toggle bits
    echo togglemiddlebits($n);

// This code is contributed by ajit
?>

Time Complexity:- O(1)
Output:

15

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