Leader | Name of Movement/ Organisation and Place | Works and Objective | Significance and Features |
Gopal Hari Deshmukh (1823-1892) He was a social reformist & rationalist (Maharashtra). |
Hitechhu- weekly publication Prabhakar, a weekly journal, also wrote about social reform themes under the pen name Lokahitawadi. |
|
|
Jyotiba Phule (1827-1890) He got the title ‘Mahatma’ for his social reform work. |
Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers’ Society)- 1873. |
He thanks missionaries for teaching lower castes that they are entitled to all human rights through his work Gulamgiri. By Deenbandhu, he gave voice to his views. |
|
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar (1856-1895) Educationist and social reformer (Maharasthra). |
Cofounder of (a) New English School (b) Deccan Education Society (c) Fergusson college |
He was the first editor of Journal Kesari started by Lalaji. Sudharak, his own monthly, was founded to combat untouchability and the caste system. |
|
Gopal Krishna Gokhale (1866-1915) | Servants of India Society- 1905 M.G. Ranade assist him to set up this society. | In 1911, published Hitavada | |
Narayan Malhar Joshi (1879-1955) |
He set up the Social Service League (Bombay). In 1920, he and Lalaji founded the All India Trade Union Congress. After leaving the AITUC in 1931, he founded the All India Trade Union Federation. |
|
|
Behramji Merwanji Malabari (1853- 1912) | Founded Seva Sadan in 1908 with, Diwan Dayaram Gidumal. |
|
|
Shiv Narayan Agnihotri (1850-1927) | Founded Dev Samaj (1887- Lahore) | Deva Shastra |
|
Tulsi Ram or Shiv Dayal Saheb | Radha Soami movement (1861) | ||
Pandita Ramabai |
Arya Mahila Samaj was founded in Pune, India, in 1881 to promote female education, particularly among child widows. In 1889, the “Mukti Mission” was founded to assist young widows who had been abandoned by their families. |
Her first English-language book (show the darkest aspects of the life of Hindu women). She started ‘Sharada Sadan’- By this, she provide child widows with vocational training (skill education). |
|
Sree Narayana Guru Swamy (1856-1928) | Sree Narayana Guru Dharma Paripalana (SNDP) Movement. |
‛ Quote — ‘One Religion, One Caste, One God for mankind’. Quote by his disciple, Ayyappan -‘ No religion, No Caste, No God’ |
|
Justice Movement is also known as South Indian Liberal Federation | Madras Presidency, movement (1917)- started by C.N. Mudaliar, T.M. Nair, P. Theagaraya. | Launched newspaper – Justice, Dravidian, Andhra Prakasika. | |
Self-Respect Movement 1924 | By E.V. Ramasamy Naicker | Journal Kudi Arasu |
|
Temple Entry Movement, or Vaikom Satyagraha | Sree Narayana Guru N. Kumaran Asan T.K. Madhavan |
|
|
Indian Social Conference | The ‘Pledge Movement’ was created at the conference to encourage individuals to sign a pledge opposing child marriage. |
|
|
The Theosophical Movement |
Madame H.P. Blavatsky & H.S. Olcott founded it in 1875 in New York, USA. Adyar was chosen as the new headquarters in 1882. (Madras). Following the death of Olcott in 1907, Annie Besant (1847-1933) became known as India’s President. |
Believed in Law of Karma & Transmigration of Soul | jurisdictions |
Important Social Reform Act:
Lord canning | 1856 | Hindu widow remarriage act | The act was enacted on 26 July 1856 to legalise the marriage of Hindu widows in all jurisdictions under the company rule. The act was drafted by Lord Dalhousie and passed by canning before the 1857 revolt. |
North Brook | 1872 | Native Marriageis act | Based on Inter caste marriage |
Landsdowne | 1891 | Age of consent act | The marriage age for girls is set at a minimum of 12 years. |
Lord Irwin | 1930 | Sarda act | Minimum age for a girl’s marriage is 14 years and for boys is 18 years. |
Lord Wellesley | 1798-1805 | Ban on the killing of infants | Ban on infant killing |
Bentinck | 1829 | Ban of Sati practice | |
Ellenborough | 1843 | Abolition of slavery | Slavery was banned in 1843 by the charter act of 1833. |