| Leader |
Name of Movement/ Organisation and Place |
Works and Objective |
Significance and Features |
|
Gopal Hari Deshmukh (1823-1892)
He was a social reformist & rationalist (Maharashtra).
|
|
Hitechhu- weekly publication
Prabhakar, a weekly journal, also wrote about social reform themes under the pen name Lokahitawadi.
|
- “If religion does not sanction social progress, change religion,” he said.
- He advocated for One God and Widow Marriage, while also criticising Hindu conservatism and the caste system.
- He first proclaimed the Swadeshi doctrine while wearing a hand-woven Khadi Dhoti at the Delhi Durbar in 1877.
|
|
Jyotiba Phule (1827-1890)
He got the title ‘Mahatma’ for his social reform work.
|
Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers’ Society)- 1873. |
He thanks missionaries for teaching lower castes that they are entitled to all human rights through his work Gulamgiri.
By Deenbandhu, he gave voice to his views.
|
- Savitribai and he were pioneers in women’s education. The pair was one of the first native Indians in India to establish a girls’ school.
- For individuals who were outside the conventional varna structure, he coined the term Dalit (broken).
- In 1888, Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar bestowed the Mahatma title on him.
- He was one of 3 gurus that Ambedkar recognised.
|
| Gopal Ganesh Agarkar (1856-1895) Educationist and social reformer (Maharasthra). |
Cofounder of
(a) New English School
(b) Deccan Education Society
(c) Fergusson college
|
He was the first editor of Journal Kesari started by Lalaji.
Sudharak, his own monthly, was founded to combat untouchability and the caste system.
|
|
| Gopal Krishna Gokhale (1866-1915) |
Servants of India Society- 1905 M.G. Ranade assist him to set up this society. |
In 1911, published Hitavada |
|
| Narayan Malhar Joshi (1879-1955) |
He set up the Social Service League (Bombay).
In 1920, he and Lalaji founded the All India Trade Union Congress.
After leaving the AITUC in 1931, he founded the All India Trade Union Federation.
|
|
- The 1st President of All India trade union congress is Lala Lajpat rai.
|
| Behramji Merwanji Malabari (1853- 1912) |
Founded Seva Sadan in 1908 with, Diwan Dayaram Gidumal. |
|
- His efforts led to the Age of Consent Act regulating age of consent for females.
|
| Shiv Narayan Agnihotri (1850-1927) |
Founded Dev Samaj (1887- Lahore) |
Deva Shastra |
- He spoke against child marriage
|
| Tulsi Ram or Shiv Dayal Saheb |
Radha Soami movement (1861) |
|
|
| Pandita Ramabai |
Arya Mahila Samaj was founded in Pune, India, in 1881 to promote female education, particularly among child widows.
In 1889, the “Mukti Mission” was founded to assist young widows who had been abandoned by their families.
|
Her first English-language book (show the darkest aspects of the life of Hindu women).
She started ‘Sharada Sadan’- By this, she provide child widows with vocational training (skill education).
|
- After being inspected by the faculty of the University of Calcutta, she became the first woman to be given the titles of Pandita as a Sanskrit scholar and Sarasvati.
|
| Sree Narayana Guru Swamy (1856-1928) |
Sree Narayana Guru Dharma Paripalana (SNDP) Movement. |
‛ Quote — ‘One Religion, One Caste, One God for mankind’.
Quote by his disciple, Ayyappan -‘ No religion, No Caste, No God’
|
- Aruvippuram movement was launched by him.
- Famous poet Kumaran Asan joined the movement (Aruvippuram movement) as a follower of Narayana Guru.
|
| Justice Movement is also known as South Indian Liberal Federation |
Madras Presidency, movement (1917)- started by C.N. Mudaliar, T.M. Nair, P. Theagaraya. |
Launched newspaper – Justice, Dravidian, Andhra Prakasika. |
|
| Self-Respect Movement 1924 |
By E.V. Ramasamy Naicker |
Journal Kudi Arasu |
- After leaving INC, launched Self-Respect Movement (1925) to awaken non-Brahmin.
|
| Temple Entry Movement, or Vaikom Satyagraha |
Sree Narayana Guru N. Kumaran Asan T.K. Madhavan |
|
- Vaikom, in Travancore’s northernmost district, became a hotbed of temple admission protests.
- The Vaikom Satyagraha, by K.P. Kesava.
|
| Indian Social Conference |
The ‘Pledge Movement’ was created at the conference to encourage individuals to sign a pledge opposing child marriage. |
|
- Founded by M.G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao.
|
| The Theosophical Movement |
Madame H.P. Blavatsky & H.S. Olcott founded it in 1875 in New York, USA.
Adyar was chosen as the new headquarters in 1882. (Madras).
Following the death of Olcott in 1907, Annie Besant (1847-1933) became known as India’s President.
|
Believed in Law of Karma & Transmigration of Soul |
jurisdictions |