Given a list of strings, write a Python program to convert all strings from lowercase/uppercase to uppercase/lowercase.
Input : ['GeEk', 'FOR', 'gEEKS'] Output: ['geek', 'for', 'geeks'] Input : ['fun', 'Foo', 'BaR'] Output: ['FUN', 'FOO', 'BAR']
Method #1: Convert Uppercase to Lowercase using map function
# Python code to convert all string # from uppercase to lowercase. # Using map function out = map ( lambda x:x.lower(), [ 'GeEk' , 'FOR' , 'gEEKS' ])
# Converting it into list output = list (out)
# printing output print (output)
|
['geek', 'for', 'geeks']
Time complexity: O(n), where n is the length of the input list.
Auxiliary space: O(n), where n is the length of the output list.
Method #2: Convert Lowercase to Uppercase using List comprehension
# Python code to convert all string # from uppercase to lowercase. # Initialisation input = [ 'fun' , 'Foo' , 'BaR' ]
# Converting lst = [x.upper() for x in input ]
# printing output print (lst)
|
['FUN', 'FOO', 'BAR']
Time complexity: O(n), where n is the number of elements in the input list.
Auxiliary space: O(n), where n is the number of elements in the input list, as a new list is created to store the converted strings.
Method #3: Using enumerate function
lst = [ 'Foo' , 'fOO' , 'geeKs' ]
lst = [i.lower() for a,i in enumerate (lst)]
print (lst)
|
['foo', 'foo', 'geeks']
Time complexity: O(n), where n is the length of the list.
Auxiliary space: O(n), as a new list is created to store the lowercase version of each string in the original list.
Method #4: Using casefold()
The approach is to use the str.casefold() method. This method is similar to the str.lower() method, but it is more aggressive in converting the string to a lowercase representation. It is particularly useful for handling case conversions involving non-ASCII characters, such as those found in the German language.
Here is an example of using str.casefold() to convert a list of strings to lowercase:
input = [ 'GeEk' , 'FOR' , 'gEEKS' ]
output = [s.casefold() for s in input ]
print (output)
# Output: ['geek', 'for', 'geeks'] #This code is contributed by Edula Vinay Kumar Reddy |
['geek', 'for', 'geeks']
Time complexity: O(n), where n is the length of the input list.
Auxiliary space: O(n), where n is the length of the output list.
Method 5: Using the lower()
input = [ 'fun' , 'Foo' , 'BaR' ]
lst = [x.lower() for x in input ]
print (lst)
|
['fun', 'foo', 'bar']
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(n), where n is length of list.
Method #6: Using a for loop
Convert uppercase letters to lowercase by using a for loop to iterate through each character in the string, and then using the lower() function to convert the uppercase letter to lowercase.
# Python code to convert all string # from uppercase to lowercase. # Using a for loop string = 'GeEk FOR gEEKS'
output = ''
for char in string:
if char.isupper():
output + = char.lower()
else :
output + = char
# printing output print (output)
|
geek for geeks
Time complexity: O(n), where n is the length of the input string. This is because the for loop iterates through each character in the string exactly once.
Auxiliary space: O(n), as we are creating a new string (output) to store the lowercase version of the input string.