Selenium is a free, open-source test execution automation platform for web applications. It implements itself using a browser-specific driver that accepts and transmits commands to the browser. You can develop test scripts in a variety of computer languages, including Ruby, Java, NodeJS, PHP, Perl, Python, JavaScript, and C#, using its single interface.
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TestNG, JUnit, Cucumber, and other frameworks and tools can be combined with Selenium because of its high degree of scalability.
SeleniumHQ stands out as the primary destination for all things Selenium, serving as the central hub for users seeking information and resources. Within SeleniumHQ, you’ll discover key sections catering to various needs. The Project Page offers a comprehensive overview of Selenium, providing insights into its different components and functionalities.
Why Selenium is Used?
Selenium is mostly used to automate testing across several web browsers. It supports a wide range of browsers, including Chrome, Mozilla, Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer, and you can quickly automate browser testing for these browsers with Selenium Web Driver. Manual testing is labor-intensive and prone to mistakes made by humans. Selenium Automation makes it possible to run tests fast and precisely, which lowers the possibility of human error and guarantees reliable test results.
What is the Selenium Automation Testing Tool?
Selenium is a free (open source) test execution automation platform for assessing web applications, and Selenium implements itself using a browser-specific driver that accepts and transmits commands to the browser. Testers can evaluate the user experience and make sure the application is clear and easy to use by using Selenium to mimic user interactions and behavior. The main component of the Selenium automation tool is Selenium WebDriver. WebDriver uses client libraries and the JSON wire standard to establish direct communication with browsers. It assists testers in making sure the website works as expected across various browsers. WebDriver collaborates closely with Selenium Grid and the IDE to enable dependable test execution at scale and speed.
Pros of the Selenium Automation Testing Tool
1. Free and Open Source
- Selenium’s popularity stems largely from its free and open-source nature.
- It allows companies of every type to use it for automated testing, and the community is constantly adding new functionality.
- This highlights its potential for automated testing and makes it available to a wide range of businesses, regardless of size or sector.
- Selenium has made a name for itself as the platform of choice for businesses looking for affordable and effective automated testing solutions because it is free and open source.
2. Supports a Wide Number of Systems, Languages, and Browsers
- no better tool than Selenium can automate testing across most major operating systems and browsers.
- The robust automation tool Selenium demonstrates remarkable adaptability by interacting with a wide variety of systems, browsers, and computer languages with ease.
- This feature allows QA specialists, developers, and testers to do thorough tests on several platforms with greater freedom.
- As it is cross-compatible, switching between separate tools for each platform is avoided, which saves a significant amount of time.
- Automating testing processes for popular operating systems and browsers is a simple way to increase productivity and accelerate the software development lifecycle. Within a quickly changing technological environment, selenium’s flexibility plays a major role in upholding high levels of dependability and quality.
3. Integrated with CI/CD
- Another significant advantage is that Selenium is completely integrated with CI/CD—continuous integration /continuous deployment—platforms like Jenkins, Azure DevOps, Bamboo, Travis CI, Circle CI, GitLab, and many others.
- The exceptional interoperability of Selenium with numerous CI/CD platforms is one of the main advantages of using it for automated testing.
- Selenium’s smooth interface with these systems facilitates automated deployments and continuous monitoring, which speeds up the testing process and increases the development team’s productivity.
4. Run Tests Concurrently
- Selenium Grid allows you to run tests concurrently and manage execution from a single location. Web tests are known to take longer to run over time, and parallel execution provides significant benefits as your test suite grows.
- Selenium Grid, a powerful tool in the realm of automated testing, empowers users to execute test cases simultaneously while efficiently controlling the process from a centralized hub.
- In the landscape of web testing, where the duration of tests tends to increase as test suites evolve, utilizing parallel execution brings forth notable advantages. By harnessing Selenium Grid’s capabilities to run tests concurrently, users can optimize test suite performance as it scales, enhancing productivity and reducing overall testing time.
Cons of the Selenium Automation Testing Tool
1. Supports Web Applications Only
- Selenium is only useful for web test automation.
- Although Selenium can only automate interactions within web browsers, it is unable to automate processes outside of the browser, such as desktop applications.
2. Not Having an Image Comparison
- Selenium does not have built-in image comparison functionality, so it is important to ensure that all images you display in your application are present and displayed correctly.
- A third-party library is required to achieve this.
- This restriction emphasizes how crucial it is to carefully verify that every image in the user interface of your application exists and is accurate. It becomes imperative to incorporate a third-party image comparison library into your testing suite to close this gap.
3. Selenium cannot Create Reports
- Selenium does not have a basic functionality called reports. To communicate test automation results to management, contractors, customers, and stakeholders, testers, and developers must generate all reports.
- Although Selenium lacks native reporting features, it offers integration support for several reporting frameworks and libraries.
- Test automation engineers can use Selenium WebDriver to create thorough test reports by utilizing third-party reporting technologies like TestNG, ExtentReports, Allure, or custom reporting solutions.
4. No Technical Support will be Provided
- Renowned for its powerful automated testing features, Selenium has a large community of seasoned specialists willing to share their vast experience and knowledge. Nevertheless, even with a large number of specialists, users who are just learning about Selenium’s capabilities may find it difficult to navigate among the array of solutions accessible.
- One major challenge that many new users have is the lack of readily available Selenium-focused businesses or service providers.
- Lack of professional support can be quite difficult because it can be difficult to troubleshoot problems or seek advice when there aren’t easily available resources.
- Due to this, learning Selenium and realizing its full potential for effective testing procedures may seem like a difficult and lonely road for individuals who choose to take it.
Conclusion
Selenium is used to automate testing across several web browsers, including Chrome, Mozilla, Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer. Pros of Selenium include its popularity, support for various systems, browsers, and languages, integration with CI/CD platforms, and the ability to test mobile devices. Cons of Selenium include its support for web applications only, lack of built-in image comparison functionality, absence of basic functionality like reports, and lack of technical support. In the final analysis, even if Selenium has a lot to offer in terms of automating web applications, maximizing its value in a testing environment requires careful consideration of its limitations and necessary resources.
FAQs on Pros and Cons of Selenium as an Automation Testing Tool
Q1. What are the disadvantages of using selenium as a testing tool?
Ans: Less accurate browser communication, more challenging to use, longer test case development time, and no one can offer consistent technical help.
Q2. What are the Selenium suite components?
Ans:
1. Selenium IDE: It’s a plug-in for Firefox and Chrome that was designed to make writing automation scripts faster. It exports the user’s actions from the web browser as a reusable script after recording them.
2. Selenium WebDriver: A programming interface called WebDriver aids in the creation and execution of test cases. It allows for the manipulation of web elements. WebDriver works directly with browser apps and doesn’t require an extra server, in contrast to RC.
3. Selenium Grid: The grid’s design allowed it to send commands to several devices at once. It permits the simultaneous running of tests across many operating systems and browsers. It integrates with other suite components for simultaneous execution and is incredibly configurable.
Q3. What does Selenium’s term “Web Element” actually mean, and how is it used?
Ans: An HTML element on a web page is represented by the Selenium WebElement interface. It offers ways to interact with the items on the web, like clicking, typing text, and obtaining values. It is employed in the automation testing process to recognize and work with web elements.
Q4. Is Selenium WebDriver compatible with testing web services or APIs?
Ans: No, Selenium WebDriver automates web applications using the native approach of the browser. Thus, Selenium WebDriver cannot be used to test web services.