“Jana Gana Mana” is the National Anthem of India written by Rabindranath Tagore. The core value of the anthem was ‘unity in diversity’ which also describes India’s diversity and culture in five stanzas.
In this article, We have covered the National Anthem of India in English, its History, theme, Interesting Facts, and many more.
Let’s dive right in.
National Anthem of India
National Anthem of India – Overview
“Jana Gana Mana” which was first published in Tatwabodhini Patrika by Brahmo Samaj. It was published as “Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata“. The present form of our National Anthem was first sung at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress by Rabindranath Tagore, Sarala Devi Chowdhurani, Bishan Narayan Dhar, and Ambika Charan Majumdar. Here is a brief overview of the National Anthem of India:
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National Anthem of India – Overview |
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National Anthem Of India |
Jana Gana Mana (जन गण मन) |
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Composer |
Rabindranath Tagore |
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Original Language |
Bangla (বাংলা) |
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Composition Date |
11th December 1911 |
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Original Title |
Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata |
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Publication |
Tatwabodhini Patrika by Brahmo Samaj |
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Adoption |
Constituent Assembly, 24th January 1950 |
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Adopted Language |
Hindi |
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First Public Singing |
Indian National Congress, 27th December 1911 |
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Core Concept |
Unity in Diversity |
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Melody |
Raga Alhaiya Bilaval |
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Svara |
Tivra Madhyama |
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Selection as National Anthem |
Chosen by Subhas Chandra Bose in Germany, played by Hamburg Radio Symphony Orchestra, 11th September 1942 |
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Independence Day |
Sung by Indian Constituent Assembly, 14 August 1947 |
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United Nations |
Presented by Indian delegation at the UN General Assembly in New York, 1947 |
Jan Gan Man: Lyrics of National Anthem of India
The lyrics of the National Anthem of India have a cultural and religious significance. The first stanza of the anthem is based on the hymn from the Rig Veda. Eventually, it was included in the Atharva Veda after revision. The National Anthem of India lyrics is as follows:
Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka, jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Punjab-Sindh-Gujarat-Maratha
Dravida-Utkala-Banga
Vindhya-Himachala-Yamuna-Ganga
Uchchala-Jaladhi-taranga.
Tava shubha name jage,
Tava shubha asisa mage,
Gahe tava jaya gatha,
Jana-gana-mangala-dayaka jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Jaya hey…
Jaya hey…
Jaya hey…
Jaya jaya jaya jaya hey…
English Translation of India’s National Anthem
Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people,
Thou Dispenser of India’s destiny.
Thy name rouses the hearts of Punjab, Sind, Gujarat and Maratha,
Of Dravid, Orissa and Bengal.
It echoes in the hills of the Vindhyas and Himalayas,
Mingles in the music of Jamna and Ganges and is chanted by
the waves of the Indian sea.
They pray for Thy blessings and sing thy praise.
The saving of all people waits in thy hand,
Thou Dispenser of India’s destiny.
Victory, Victory, Victory to Thee.
Facts about National Anthem of India
- Written by Rabindranath Tagore: The lyrics of “Jana Gana Mana” were penned by the Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore in 1911. It was originally composed in Bengali as “Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata“.
- First Sung at Calcutta (now Kolkata): The song was first sung at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on December 27, 1911.
- Adopted as National Anthem: “Jana Gana Mana” was officially adopted as the National Anthem of India on January 24, 1950.
- Multi-Lingual: While the original lyrics were in Bengali, the anthem is sung in the Bengali version in most official settings. However, the song has been translated into Hindi and is sung in Hindi as well.
- Duration and Composition: The full version of “Jana Gana Mana” consists of five stanzas, but only the first stanza is designated as the National Anthem. The composition is in the raga Alhiya Bilawal.
- Respect and Protocol: It is customary to stand when the National Anthem is played. Hats or caps should be removed, and citizens should stand at attention facing the Indian flag. Failure to adhere to these customs can be considered disrespectful.
- Controversies and Criticism: Over the years, there have been debates and controversies regarding the inclusion of certain words and phrases in the anthem, as well as its appropriateness as a national symbol in a diverse country like India. However, it continues to hold a significant place in Indian culture and identity.
- Universal Brotherhood: The lyrics of “Jana Gana Mana” are imbued with themes of unity, inclusivity, and the idea of India as a land of diverse cultures and people. It celebrates the plurality and richness of the Indian nation.
- Patriotic Symbol: The anthem is not only a symbol of national pride but also serves as a reminder of India’s struggle for independence and its aspirations as a democratic and secular nation.
Significance of National Anthem of India
The National Anthem of India, “Jana Gana Mana,” holds profound significance and serves as a symbol of the country’s unity, diversity, and patriotic fervor. Composed by Rabindranath Tagore, it was first sung on December 27, 1911, at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress. Officially adopted as the national anthem on January 24, 1950, shortly after India’s independence, it plays an essential role in national ceremonies and functions. Here are some key points highlighting its significance:
- Unity in Diversity: The anthem encapsulates India’s diverse culture, languages, and geographical breadth. It unifies people across different states, religions, and backgrounds, promoting a sense of national cohesion and pride.
- Historical Importance: “Jana Gana Mana” reflects India’s struggle for freedom. It embodies the aspirations, spirit, and the sacrifices of the freedom fighters who fought for independence from British rule.
- Cultural and Ethical Values: The anthem fosters a sense of respect and loyalty towards the nation. It serves as a reminder of India’s rich cultural heritage and promotes values such as bravery, sacrifice, and patriotism.
- Global Identity: The national anthem represents India’s identity on the global stage. It is played at international events, such as sports competitions and diplomatic functions, symbolizing the country’s sovereignty and unity.
- Constitutional Recognition: The anthem’s adoption and the respect accorded to it are enshrined in the Constitution of India. It mandates that citizens should respect the anthem, which reflects the constitutional values of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.
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FAQs on National Anthem of India
Does India have two National Anthem?
No. India do not have two National Anthem. “Jana Gana Mana” is the National Anthem of India.
Who wrote the national anthem?
“Jana Gana Mana” is the National Anthem of India that was written by Rabindranath Tagore.
Who sang national anthem of India first time?
Indian National Anthem was first sung at the Calcutta Session of Indian National Congress by Rabindranath Tagore, Sarala Devi Chowdhurani, Bishan Narayan Dhar, and Ambika Charan Majumdar.
Who is the father of national song of India?
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee is the father of national song of India. It was taken from his novel Ananda Math.
What language is Indian National Anthem?
The National Language of India was written in Bangla. It was adopted by the first Constituent Assembly in Hindi.