jQuery | Traversing

In jQuery, traversing means moving through or over the HTML elements to find, filter or select a particular or entire element.
Based on the traversing purposes following methods are Categorized as follows:

Tree Traversing:

Ancestors:

• parent()
  it gives parent element of specified selector
  Syntax:
  
  

  $(selector).parent();

• parents()
  it gives all ancestor elements of the specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).parents();

• parentsUntil()
  it gives all ancestor elements between specified selector and arguments.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).parentsUntil(selector, filter element)
  

  $(selector).parentsUntil(element, filter element)
  

• offsetParent()
  it gives the first positioned parent element of specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).offsetParent();

• closest()
  it gives the first ancestor of the specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).closest(selector);

  $(selector).closest(selector, context);

  $(selector).closest(selection);

  $(selector).closest(element);

Descendants:

• children()
  it gives the children of each selected elements, optionally filtered by a selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).children();
  

• find()
  it gives descendant elements of specified elements, filtered by a selector, jQuery object, or element.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).find('selector to find');

Siblings:

• siblings()
  it gives all siblings of the specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).siblings();

• next()
  it gives the next sibling element of the specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).next();
  

• nextAll()
  it gives all next sibling elements of the specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).nextAll();
  

• nextUntil()
  it gives all next sibling elements between specified selector and arguments.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).nextUntil();
  

• prev()
  it gives the previous sibling element of the specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).prev(selector);
  

  $(selector).prev()
  

• prevAll()
  it gives all previous sibling elements of the specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).prevAll(selector, filter element)
  

  $(selector).prevAll(element, filter element)
  

• prevUntil()
  it gives all previous sibling elements between specified selector and arguments.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).prevUntil(selector, filter element)
  

  $(selector).prevUntil(element, filter element)
  

Filtering

• first()
  it gives the first element of the specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).first();
  

• last()
  it gives the last element of the specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).last();
  

• eq()
  it gives an element with a specific index number of the specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).eq(index);
  

  $(selector).eq( indexFromEnd );
  

• filter()
  it remove/detect an elements that are matched with specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).filter(selector)

  $(selector).filter(function)

  $(selector).filter(selection)

  $(selector).filter(elements)

• has()
  it gives all elements that have one or more elements within, that are matched with specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).has(selector);
  

• is()
  it checks if one of the specified selector is matched with arguments.
  Syntax:

  .is( selector )

  .is( function )

  .is( selection )

  .is( elements )

• map()
  Pass each element in the current matched set through a function, producing a new jQuery object containing the return values
  Syntax:

  .map( callback )

• slice()
  it selects a subset of specified selector based on its argument index or by start and stop value.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).slice(start, end );
  

  $(selector).slice(start);
  

Miscellaneous Traversing

• add()
  it add all elements to set of matched elements to manipulate them at the same time.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).add(selector to add);

• addBack()
  it add the previous set of elements on the stack to the current set, optionally filtered by a selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).addBack();

• andSelf()
  Deprecated 1.8 which is alias of addBack().
  Syntax:

  $(selector).addSelf();

• contents()
  it gives all direct children, including text and comment nodes, of the specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).contents();

• not()
  it gives all elements that do not match with specified selector.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).not(selector);

• end()
  it is most recent filtering operation in the current chain and return the set of matched elements to its previous state and it doesn’t accept any arguments.
  Syntax:

  $(selector).each(callback function);
  

Collection Manipulation

• each()
  it iterates over the DOM elements and execute call back function

Example 1:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
    <style>
        .siblings * {
            display: block;
            border: 2px solid lightgrey;
            color: lightgrey;
            padding: 5px;
            margin: 15px;
        }
    </style>
    <script src=
"https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js">
  </script>
    <script>
        $(document).ready(function() {
            $("h2").siblings().css({
                "color": "red",
                "border": "2px solid red"
            });
            $("h2").parent().css({
                "color": "green",
                "border": "2px solid blue"
            });
            $("p").first().css(
              "background-color", "yellow");
            $("p").has("span").css(
              "background-color", "indigo");

        });
    </script>
</head>

<body class="siblings">

    <div>GeeksforGeeks (parent)
        <p>GeeksforGeeks</p>
        <p><span>GeeksforGeeks</span></p>
        <h2>GeeksforGeeks</h2>
        <h3>GeeksforGeeks</h3>
        <p>GeeksforGeeks</p>
    </div>

</body>

</html>

Output:

Example 2:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <style>
        p {
            color: grey;
            margin: 10px;
            padding: 10px;
        }

        form {
            margin: 10px;
            padding: 10px;
        }

        #article b {
            color: blue;
            font-weight: bold;
        }

        label {
            color: green;
            font-weight: bold;
        }
    </style>
    <script src=
"https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.2.js">
    </script>
</head>

<body>

    <p><em>Hello</em>GeeksforGeeks</p>
    <p id="article"><b>Article Info: </b></p>
    <form>
        <label>Article Title:</label>
        <input type="text"
               name="article"
               value="jQuery |
                     Traversing Example 2" />
        <br>
        <br>
        <label>Author:</label>
        <input type="text"
               name="author"
               value="Vignesh" />
        <br>
        <br>
        <label>Author's Email id:</label>
        <input type="text"
               name="author"
               value="vignesh@gmail.com" />
        <br>
        <br>
        <label>Website:</label>
        <input type="text"
               name="url"
               value="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/" />
        <br>
        <br>
    </form>

    <script>
        $("#article")
            .append($("input").map(function() {
                    return $(this).val();
                })
                .get()
                .join(", "));
    </script>
    <script>
        $("p")
            .find("em")
            .end()
            .css("border", "2px red solid");
    </script>

</body>

</html>

Output