Jammu and Kashmir| Class 12 Political Science

Jammu and Kashmir is a subpart of the Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 which Carriculam is entitled as the Regional Aspirations. The subpart of Jammu and Kashmir describes the regional aspiration of Jammu and Kashmir, its complex historical factors, political changes, its special status, and the removal of Article 370.

In this article, we are going to discuss the Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Regional Aspirations subpart of Jammu and Kashmir in detail.

Jammu and Kashmir – Overview

Jammu and Kashmir is the topmost region of India. It was administered by India from 1952 to 2019 and became a disputed part between India, Pakistan, and China. Jammu and Kashmir is a large region where so many regional aspirations took place. There are so many separatist organization that demands a separate Kashmiri nation as an independent nation. There are a group of Kashmiris who want to stay with India and another extremist supporter wants to join Pakistan. The subpart describes the major facts and points related to Kashmir as mentioned below.

• Kashmir’s Special Status Under Article 370.
• The complex history and its root causes include being a Princely State, Association With The Union Territory of India, Ongoing Conflicts With Pakistan, and Much More.
• The leadership of Shеikh Abdullah and the political problems related to the demands for autonomy.
• Continuous insurgency from 1989, PoK Problems and so many Internal Disputes.
• Revocation of Article 370 in 2019 which defined the Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh as the Union Territories of India.

Problem and Regional Aspirations of Jammu and Kashmir

Here are the major problems and the regional aspirations of the Jammu and Kashmir as mentioned below.

• Article 370 of the Indian Constitution gives the region so many facilities and extra autonomy than the other states.
• There were so many disagreements about the particular status of the Jammu and Kashmir in the Indian Union.
• Over the years, Jammu and Kashmir was a major territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and China.
• The major conflicts happened between India and Pakistan which majorly evolved from the PoK dispute.
• The regional aspiration came into the picture when the Kashmiri people were provoked by so many insurgents that Kashmir deserves a separate country.
• Janab Sheikh Abdullah started the movement in the valley to get rid of the Maharaja. But he was not in support of joining Pakistan.
• The National Conference was the secular forum and they had a long association with the Congress party.
• Their aspiration was to divide the whole region into three parts including Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh.

External and Internal Disputes

There are so many External and internal disputes present in Jammu and Kashmir as mentioned below.

• In 1947, Pakistan demanded Kashmir but Kashmir had no intention to join Pakistan at that time.
• China also claims some parts of Jammu and Kashmir and they have been trying to occupy the places since 1950.
• In 1989, there was some armed insurgency took place against the Indian rule.
• Indian Armed Forces suppressed the insurgency with a strong military presence.

Separatism In Jammu and Kashmir

Separatist politics emerged in Jammu and Kashmir in 1989. The major aim of this type of politics is to separate Kashmir from India and make it a separate nation. Some separatists want to make Kashmir a separate country and some separatists want it to merge with Pakistan. The Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front is known as the political separatist group which is active in the valley.

Conclusion – Class 12 Political Science Chapter Chapter 7 Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir is the topmost region of India. It was administered by India from 1952 to 2019 and became a disputed part between India, Pakistan, and China. Jammu and Kashmir is a subpart of the Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 which Carriculam is entitled as the Regional Aspirations. In this article, we have discussed the Regional Aspirations of Jammu and Kashmir with the major problems related to it.

Jammu and Kashmir- FAQs

What is the political system of Jammu and Kashmir?

Jammu and Kashmir is administered by the Republic of India within the framework of a federal parliamentary republic as a union territory, like the union territory of Puducherry, with a multi-party democratic system of governance.

What is the political status of Jammu and Kashmir?

Jammu and Kashmir is a region administered by India as a union territory and consists of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959.

What was the status of Kashmir before 1947?

A succession of Hindu dynasties ruled Kashmir until 1346, when it came under Muslim rule. The Muslim period lasted nearly five centuries, ending when Kashmir was annexed to the Sikh kingdom of the Punjab in 1819 and then to the Dogra kingdom of Jammu in 1846.

What is the main problem of Jammu and Kashmir?

The conflict started after the partition of India in 1947 as both India and Pakistan claimed the entirety of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a dispute over the region that escalated into three wars between India and Pakistan and several other armed skirmishes.

What are the human rights issues in Kashmir?

Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir, a disputed territory administered by India, are an ongoing issue. The allegations range from mass killings, forced disappearances, torture, rape and sexual abuse to suppression of freedom of speech and bans on religious gatherings.

What are the main causes of Kashmir issue?

The Kashmir dispute is the oldest unresolved international conflict in the world today. Pakistan considers Kashmir as its core political dispute with India. So does the international community, except India. India’s forcible occupation of the State of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947 is the main cause of the dispute.