List of Indian Mathematicians from Ancient to Modern India

List of Indian Mathematicians from Ancient to Modern India: The famous Indian mathematicians from Ancient to Modern India are Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara II, Madhava of Sangamagrama, Nilakantha Somayaji, Srinivasa Ramanujan, C.R. Rao, S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan, Manjul Bhargava, Terence Tao.

Mathematics has been an integral part of Indian culture since ancient times. From the Vedic period to modern India, Indian mathematicians have made significant contributions to the field of mathematics. Their work has influenced and shaped the development of mathematics in other parts of the world.

In this article, we will take a look at some of the famous Indian mathematicians from ancient to modern India.

About Indian Mathematicians from Ancient to Modern India

Indian mathematicians have made significant contributions from ancient times to modern-day India. In ancient India, scholars like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara pioneered concepts such as zero, decimal system, algebra, and trigonometry. They laid the foundation for advanced mathematical understanding.

During the medieval period, mathematicians like Madhava of Sangamagrama and Nilakantha Somayaji made strides in calculus, infinite series, and astronomy. They further developed the concepts introduced by their predecessors.

In modern India, mathematicians like Srinivasa Ramanujan gained international recognition for their groundbreaking work in number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions. Ramanujan’s collaboration with British mathematician G.H. Hardy led to remarkable advancements in various mathematical fields.

List of Famous Indian Mathematicians from Ancient to Modern India

Mathematics has a rich history in India, with contributions spanning centuries and including various fields such as algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and calculus. From ancient scholars to modern pioneers, Indian mathematicians have made significant developments that continue to influence the field today. Here’s a comprehensive list of Indian mathematicians:

Name	Period	Contributions
Aryabhata	476- 550 CE	Developed the concept of zero, Aryabhata’s work laid the foundation for Indian mathematics.
Brahmagupta	598- 668 CE	Pioneered the study of algebra and made significant contributions to number theory.
Bhaskara II	1114- 1185 CE	Known for his work on calculus, geometry, and astronomical calculations.
Madhava of Sangamagrama	1340- 1425 CE	Founder of the Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics, known for infinite series.
Nilakantha Somayaji	1444- 1544 CE	Developed the concept of “mean longitudes” and made a significant contribution to calculus.
Srinivasa Ramanujan	1887- 1920 CE	Considered one of the greatest mathematicians, known for his work on number theory.
C.R. Rao	1920- present	Known for his work in statistics and for pioneering the field of multivariate analysis.
S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan	1940- present	Renowned for his contributions to probability theory and mathematical statistics.
Manjul Bhargava	1974- present	Awarded the Fieldsets Medal for his work in number theory, particularly on elliptic curves.
Terence Tao	1975- present	Though of Indian descent, he was born in Australia, he’s a field Medalist in mathematics.

Indian Mathematicians from Ancient to Modern India

The golden age of Indian mathematics was between the 5th century and 12th century, where many mathematical concepts were developed and refined. During this period, India was home to some of the greatest mathematicians in the world.

1. Aryabhatta (476-550 CE)

Aryabhatta was an astronomer and mathematician who is often referred to as the father of Indian mathematics. He wrote the famous treatise Aryabhatiya, which is considered one of the most significant works in Indian mathematics. Aryabhata made significant contributions to algebra, trigonometry, and astronomy. He is also credited with calculating the value of pi (π) up to four decimal places.

• He was the first mathematician to use the decimal system in Indian mathematics, which was later adopted by Arab mathematicians and spread to Europe.
• He is also believed to have calculated the value of pi up to four decimal places, which was an incredible feat for that time.
• Apart from mathematics and astronomy, Aryabhatta also had an interest in medicine and wrote a treatise on herbal medicine.

2. Brahmagupta (598-668 CE)

Brahmagupta was an Indian mathematician and astronomer who is known for his work on number systems and algebra. He introduced the concept of zero as a number and developed rules for dealing with negative numbers. Brahmagupta’s work had a significant impact on the development of algebra in Europe during the Middle Ages.

• Brahmagupta was the one who said, “Hey, let’s consider zero as a real number!” That’s a big deal because zero is super important in math.
• He wrote two books: “Brahmasphuta Siddhanta” and “Khandakhadyaka.” They were like math guides for people back then.
• Brahmagupta was a total pro at solving tricky math problems called quadratic equations. People were amazed by his skills!

3. Bhaskara II (1114-1185 CE)

Bhaskara II, also known as Bhaskaracharya, was a 12th-century mathematician who made important contributions to trigonometry and calculus. His most famous work, Siddhanta Shiromani, is divided into four parts: Lilavati (arithmetic), Bijaganita (algebra), Grahaganita (mathematics of the planets), and Goladhyaya (spheres).

• People called him Bhaskaracharya II or just Bhaskara II.
• He wrote a famous book called Lilavati, named after his daughter.
• This guy wasn’t just a math whiz; he could also speak 18 languages, like Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic.
• Even though he lived way before them, Bhaskara II was doing calculus before famous European math folks like Newton and Leibniz.
• His book Siddhanta Shiromani is a big deal in Indian astronomy and has influenced lots of people.

4. Madhava of Sangamagrama (1340- 1425 CE)

Madhava is considered one of the greatest mathematicians from medieval India. He is known for his work on infinite series and the discovery of the Madhava-Leibniz series, which is a precursor to the modern concept of calculus. His work had a significant influence on the development of calculus in Europe.

• Madhava’s contributions to mathematics were groundbreaking and ahead of his time. His work on calculus and infinite series laid the foundation for modern mathematics and had a significant impact on the development of various branches of science like physics and astronomy.
• Madhava’s contributions to mathematics are vast and significant. He is credited with laying the foundations for calculus and infinite series, centuries before their discovery by Western mathematicians like Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz.

5. Nilakantha Somayaji (1444- 1544 CE)

Nilakantha Somayaji, also known as Aryabhatta II, was a big name in math and stars back in the 15th century. He hailed from Kerala, India, and it’s said he lived from around 1444 to 1544 AD. This guy was a math expert, and he knew his way around algebra, arithmetic, and geometry like nobody’s business.

• Somayaji was part of a famous math group called the Kerala school, which was super popular from the 14th to 16th century.
• He’s most famous for figuring out something called the Madhava series, which helps calculate the value of pi. European math people found this series later and called it the Gregory-Leibniz series.
• Somayaji was already doing cool math with infinite series and calculus way before famous European math guys like Newton and Leibniz came along.

6. Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887-1920)

Srinivasa Ramanujan is one of the most famous Indian mathematicians of all time. Despite not having a formal education in mathematics, he made significant contributions to number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions. Ramanujan’s work has had a profound impact on modern mathematics, and he is often referred to as a mathematical genius.

• When Ramanujan was 16, he got his hands on a book called “A Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure Mathematics” by George Shoobridge Carr. This book was a big deal for him because it helped him come up with his own math ideas.
• In 1911, Ramanujan got a scholarship to study at the University of Madras. But he wasn’t too interested in other subjects besides math, so he didn’t do well in his exams. He tried looking for jobs in different places while still working on his math ideas.
• In 1913, Ramanujan wrote a letter to a famous British math guy named G.H. Hardy. He showed Hardy his work on something called highly composite numbers. Hardy was super impressed and invited Ramanujan to come to England to work with him at the University of Cambridge.

7. C.R. Rao (1920 – Present)

Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, often referred to as C.R. Rao, is a renowned statistician who has made significant contributions to the field of statistics. He has developed several statistical techniques that are widely used in various fields, including medicine, economics, and engineering. He has received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to the field of mathematics.

• In his early days, Rao learned a lot from big-shot statisticians like Ronald Fisher and Karl Pearson.
• In 1940, he started working at the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in Kolkata. He started as a researcher and later became a professor and even the director of the institute!
• In 1963, he set up the Center for Multivariate Analysis at the ISI. It’s now one of the top research spots in India.

8. S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan ( 1940 – Present)

Varadhan was born on January 2, 1940, in Chennai, India, and he started loving math when he was just a kid. He studied math at Presidency College in Chennai for his Bachelor’s degree. Then, he went to the Indian Statistical Institute in Kolkata for his Master’s. After that, he moved to the United States to do his Ph.D. at the University of California, Berkeley. That’s where he became a real math expert.

• In 1966, Varadhan discovered something really important about Markov processes, a type of math thing. This discovery helped create a theory called large deviation theory. People use this theory a lot in different areas like studying how things move in statistical mechanics and other math stuff.
• In the 1970s, Varadhan did even more amazing work! He developed a super solid theory for large deviations in probabilities. This theory is like a big deal in fields like finance, biology, and physics.

9. Manjul Bhargava ( 1974 – Present)

Manjul Bhargava is a renowned mathematician who is known for his work in number theory and representation theory. In 2014, he was awarded the Fields Medal, often referred to as the Nobel Prize of Mathematics, for his contributions to algebraic number theory.

• Bhargava’s journey with math began early thanks to his dad, who taught him arithmetic when he was only four!
• By the time he was 13, Bhargava was already coming up with cool math formulas. He figured out a way to find special sets of numbers that work with the Pythagorean theorem.

10. Terence Tao ( 1975 – Present)

Terence Tao is an Australian-American mathematician of Indian origin who has made significant contributions to various fields of mathematics, such as harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, and algebraic combinatorics. He is the youngest person to receive the Fields Medal at the age of 31 in 2006. He is also a prolific researcher and has published over 300 research papers.

• Tao is a superstar in the math world, and he’s gotten a lot of fancy awards to prove it! In 2006, he won the Fields Medal, which is like the gold medal of math.
• He’s also won other big prizes, like the Alan T. Water Prize in 2014 for his math analysis work, and the Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics in the same year for his big idea about twin prime numbers.

Conclusion – Indian Mathematicians from Ancient to Modern India

The list of famous Indian mathematicians is extensive, with each individual leaving a lasting impact on mathematics through their groundbreaking discoveries. From ancient luminaries like Aryabhata and Brahmagupta to modern geniuses like Ramanujan and Bhargava, these mathematicians have contributed to both the theoretical foundations and practical applications of mathematics. Today, their legacy continues to inspire future generations of mathematicians in India and around the world.

People Also Read:

• Srinivasa Ramanujan Biography: Education, Contribution, Interesting Facts
• Who invented Zero?
• Who is the Father of Indian Mathematics?

FAQs on Indian Mathematicians from Ancient to Modern India

Who are some famous Indian mathematicians from ancient times?

Ancient Indian mathematicians such as Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskara II are well-known.

Who is known as the “Father of Algebra” in India?

In India, Brahmagupta is frequently referred regarded as the “Father of Algebra”. He was a well-known mathematician who flourished in the past.

What contributions did Aryabhata make to mathematics?

Among Aryabhata’s many mathematical accomplishments are his precise computations of pi, his explanations of solar and lunar eclipses, and his introduction of the decimal system to Indian mathematics.

What is Brahmagupta known for?

Brahmagupta is well-known for his contributions to algebra, particularly for his laws about arithmetic with zero and negative numbers. In addition, he contributed to astronomy and geometry.

What is the Abel Prize, and why was C. R. Rao awarded it?

Often referred to as the “Nobel Prize” of mathematics, the Abel Prize is a famous international mathematics award. In recognition of his important contributions to statistical theory and methods, C. R. Rao was awarded the 2011 Abel Prize.