Who is Manager?
A manager is an integral part of an organisation, entrusted with the task of overseeing and coordinating the activities of a group of individuals or a department. Their role is crucial in achieving organisational goals efficiently and effectively. With their leadership and decision-making skills, managers play a vital role in planning, organizing, leading, and controlling various activities within their realm of responsibility.
For instance, let’s consider a retail company with multiple branches. The store manager at one of the branches is responsible for supervising the employees, ensuring smooth operations, and providing excellent customer service. They set goals for the team, allocate resources effectively, and make informed decisions to optimize sales and enhance the overall shopping experience.
In addition to their operational duties, managers also fulfil responsibilities in human resource management. They evaluate employee performance, provide guidance and support, and create a positive work environment that fosters growth and productivity. Moreover, managers act as the link between the frontline staff and higher levels of management, representing the interests and concerns of their team or department.
Ultimately, managers are instrumental in driving the success of an organisation by effectively managing people, resources, and processes. Their multifaceted role requires a combination of leadership, communication, problem-solving, and organisational skills to ensure the achievement of set objectives and the overall growth of the company.
Functions of Manager
Managers fulfil a variety of essential functions within an organization to ensure its smooth operation and achievement of goals. These functions can be broadly categorized as planning, organising, leading, and controlling:
1. Planning
Planning involves setting objectives, charting a course of action, and formulating strategies to accomplish those objectives. Managers engage in the following activities during the planning phase:
- Objective Setting: Managers define specific and measurable goals that align with the organisation’s overall mission and vision.
- Strategy Development: Managers create strategies and action plans that outline the steps to be taken in order to achieve the defined objectives. They consider factors such as available resources, market conditions, and potential obstacles.
- Decision Making: Managers analyze relevant information, evaluate alternatives, and make informed decisions that support the planning process.
- Forecasting: Managers use historical data, market trends, and future projections to anticipate potential opportunities and challenges that may affect the organisation’s operations.
2. Organising
Organising entails arranging resources and establishing a structure that enables the efficient pursuit of organisational objectives. Managers undertake the following tasks during the organizing phase:
- Organizational Structure: Managers design an optimal structure that clarifies roles, responsibilities, and reporting relationships within the organization. This promotes coordination and effective communication.
- Resource Allocation: Managers allocate resources such as human capital, finances, technology, and physical assets to different departments or projects, ensuring their optimal utilization.
- Staffing: Managers determine staffing needs, recruit talented individuals, and provide training and development opportunities to enhance their skills and knowledge.
- Policies and Procedures: Managers establish policies and procedures that guide employees in various operational areas, ensuring consistency and adherence to organisational standards.
3. Leading
Leading involves influencing and inspiring employees to work towards the attainment of organisational goals. Managers engage in the following activities to effectively lead their teams:
- Communication: Managers foster open and transparent communication channels within the organisation, facilitating the exchange of information and ideas.
- Motivation: Managers inspire and motivate employees by recognizing their contributions, providing constructive feedback, and cultivating a positive work environment.
- Team Building: Managers encourage collaboration and synergy among team members, fostering a sense of unity and cooperation.
- Coaching and Development: Managers provide guidance, mentorship, and support to help employees reach their full potential. They identify training needs and offer opportunities for skill enhancement while addressing performance issues.
4. Controlling
Controlling involves monitoring performance, comparing it to established standards, and taking corrective actions when necessary. Managers undertake the following activities during the controlling phase:
- Performance Measurement: Managers establish relevant performance metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs) to assess progress towards goals and evaluate individual and team performance.
- Monitoring: Managers closely monitor ongoing activities to ensure they align with established plans and standards.
- Analysis: Managers analyze performance data, identifying any deviations from expected outcomes and examining the underlying causes.
- Corrective Actions: Managers implement appropriate corrective measures to address performance gaps, such as allocating additional resources, adjusting strategies, or implementing process improvements.