FDMA is a type of channelization protocol. This bandwidth is divided into various frequency bands. Each station is allocated a band to send data and that band is reserved for the particular station for all the time which is as follows:
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) consists of two main techniques.
- Multi-channel-per-carrier (MCPC) transmission
- Single-channel per carrier (SCPC) transmission
Multi-Channel-Per-Carrier Transmission
- Analog multiplexing is used at earth station in the early stages of communication, this helps in combining large numbers of telephone channels into a single baseband signal and thus modulating into a single RF carrier.
- Using frequency division multiplexing (FDM) telephone signals can be combined in a group of channels, this is done by shifting the baseband frequency to a higher frequency.
- Upto 1800 telephone channels in a satellite are multiplexed using the FDM, thus making wide baseband that occupies bandwidth of 8 MHz.
- The wide baseband signals are then modulated onto the RF carrier using FM i.e. Frequency Modulation.
- Different RF carrier for each and every earth station is used for frequency modulations.
- A common transponder for transmission is been shared from various earth stations for the FDM-FM-RF. This technique is called as FDM-FM-FDMA.
- So has various different telephone channels are been multiplexed for transmission over a single RF carrier, it is known as Multi-channel-per carrier (MCPC) transmission.
- The below attached images show fixed assigned FDM-FM-FDMA scheme for the two C-band transponders.
Transponder 1
Transponder 2
Single-Channel-Per Carrier Transmission
- When a single signal on a carrier is been send via the earth station, this FDMA access technique is called as “Single-channel-per carrier (SCPC) transmission”.
- Hence if a system in which large number of small earth station are used, for example mobile telephones, which access via a single transponder using FDMA is called a Single-channel-per carrier Frequency division multiple access scheme (SCPC-FDMA).
- The SCPC systems can be reconfigurable, this depends on the traffic condition which is been accumulated to that particular system, thus making it compatible with the demand assignment systems.
- So when the link is been activated then only the carrier for SCPS channel is transmitted.
- This helps in reducing the transponder power consumption.