Exploring Data Distribution | Set 1

Whenever we work in data science and machine learning, our approach of handling the data and finding something useful out of it is based on the distribution of the data.
Distribution means that how data can be present in different possible ways, the percentage of specific data, identifying the outliers. So, data distribution is the way of using graphical methods to organize and display useful information.

Terms related to Exploration of Data Distribution

-> Boxplot
-> Frequency Table
-> Histogram 
-> Density Plot

• Boxplot : It is based on the percentiles of the data as shown in the figure below. The top and bottom of the boxplot are 75^th and 25^th percentile of the data. The extended lines are known as whiskers that includes the range of rest of the data.
  

  

  Code #1 : Loading Libraries

  
  
  

  import numpy as np
  import pandas as pd
  import seaborn as sns
  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

  Code #2: Loading Data

  data = pd.read_csv("../data/state.csv")
  
  # Adding a new column with derived data
  data['PopulationInMillions'] = data['Population']/1000000
  
  print (data.head(10))

  Output :
  

  

  Code #3 : BoxPlot

  # BoxPlot Population In Millions
  fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
  fig.set_size_inches(9,  15)
  
  ax1 = sns.boxplot(x = data.PopulationInMillions, orient ="v")
  ax1.set_ylabel("Population by State in Millions", fontsize = 15)
  ax1.set_title("Population - BoxPlot", fontsize = 20)

  Output :
  

  

• Frequency Table : It is a tool to distribute the data into equally spaced ranges, segments and tells us how many values fall in each segment.

  Code #1: Adding a column to perform crosstab and groupby functionality.

  # Perform the binning action, the bins have been
  # chosen to accentuate the output for the Frequency Table
  
  data['PopulationInMillionsBins'] = pd.cut(
      data.PopulationInMillions, bins =[0, 1, 2, 5, 8, 12, 15, 20, 50])
  
  print (data.head(10))

  Output :
  

  

  Code #2: Cross Tab – a type of Frequency Table

  # Cross Tab - a type of Frequency Table
  
  pd.crosstab(data.PopulationInMillionsBins, data.Abbreviation, margins = True)

  Output :
  

  

  Code #3: GroupBy – a type of Frequency Table

  # Groupby - a type of Frequency Table
  
  data.groupby(data.PopulationInMillionsBins)['Abbreviation'].apply(', '.join)

  Output :