Europe is the second smallest continent globally when it comes to size. Europe splits into 50 different countries. Russia holds the title for both the largest country in Europe/biggest country in Europe and the world. On the other side, Vatican City is the smallest country in Europe. In this article, you’ll find a comprehensive list of countries located in Europe along with their capital cities.
In SSC, Banking, LIC, Railways, and other competitive exams, the General Awareness section plays an important role nowadays since it is a very scoring section. In this article, we will cover one of the topics of this section i.e “Countries and their Capitals”. This is a very easy topic and if students read it comprehensively they will score good marks in the examination.
European Countries with Capitals
European Countries and Capitals: An Introduction
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The European continent is located in the Northern Hemisphere and in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is also called the “Peninsula of Peninsulas” and the “Peninsula of Eurasia”. Eurasia is the designation for the combined land area of Europe and Asia.
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It is surrounded by bodies of water on three sides: the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It is separated from Asia by the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains.
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Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and Denmark are collectively referred to as “Scandinavia”.
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In the Netherlands (Holland), land has been reclaimed by pushing back seawater for agricultural use. The dams built to restrict the sea are called “dykes” and the lands thus reclaimed are known as “polder areas”.
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The coast of Norway is an excellent example of a fjord coast.
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Finland is called the “land of lakes” because several lakes have been formed as a result of the melting of ice sheets.
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Spain and Portugal together form “Iberia”.
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Yugoslavia, Greece, Romania, and Albania, which lie on the coasts of the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, are called the “Balkans”.
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Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia are collectively referred to as the “Baltic States”.
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Major mountain ranges: the Cantabrian Mountains, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Carpathians, Kjolen, and Balkans.
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Elbrus is the highest peak in Europe.
- Great Plateaus: Iberian Plateau, Central Plateau of France, Vosges and Black Forest (Schwarzgebirge) of Germany and Bohemian Plateau.
List of European Countries and their Capitals
- Europe is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It’s surrounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.
- It’s the second smallest continent, covering about 10.18 million square kilometers or 3.93 million square miles. Around 750 million people live in Europe, making it the third most populous continent after Asia and Africa.
- Europe is where Western culture originated, influencing the world through its art, literature, philosophy, science, and technology.
- Some East European countries are part of the Balkan nations, and some West European countries are part of the Nordic nations.
Check: The Making of Nationalism in Europe
The table below list of West European countries and their capitals from Andorra to Turkey, while East European Countries and Capitals span from Azerbaijan to Armenia.
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Europe States and Capitals |
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Serial No. |
Country |
Capital |
| 1 | Albania | Tirana |
| 2 | Andorra | Andorra La Vella |
| 3 | Austria | Vienna |
| 4 | Belarus | Minsk |
| 5 | Belgium | Brussels |
| 6 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Sarajevo |
| 7 | Bulgaria | Sofia |
| 8 | Croatia | Zagreb |
| 9 | Czech Republic | Prague |
| 10 | Denmark | Copenhagen |
| 11 | Estonia | Tallinn |
| 12 | Finland | Helsinki |
| 13 | France | Paris |
| 14 | Germany | Berlin |
| 15 | Greece | Athens |
| 16 | Vatican | Vatican City |
| 17 | Hungary | Budapest |
| 18 | Iceland | Reykjavik |
| 19 | Ireland | Dublin |
| 20 | Italy | Rome |
| 21 | Latvia | Riga |
| 22 | Liechtenstein | Vaduz |
| 23 | Lithuania | Vilnius |
| 24 | Luxembourg | Luxembourg |
| 25 | Macedonia | Skopje |
| 26 | Malta | Valletta |
| 27 | Moldova | Chisinau |
| 28 | Monaco | Monaco |
| 29 | Montenegro | Podgorica |
| 30 | Netherlands | Amsterdam |
| 31 | Norway | Oslo |
| 32 | Poland | Warsaw |
| 33 | Portugal | Lisbon |
| 34 | Romania | Bucharest |
| 35 | Russia | Moscow |
| 36 | San Marino | San Marino |
| 37 | Serbia | Belgrade |
| 38 | Slovakia | Bratislava |
| 39 | Slovenia | Ljubljana |
| 40 | Spain | Madrid |
| 41 | Sweden | Stockholm |
| 42 | Switzerland | Bern |
| 43 | Ukraine | Kyiv |
| 44 | United Kingdom | London |
Most Advanced Countries in Europe
This table provides clear information about some of the most advanced nations in Europe, including their capitals, languages spoken, bordering countries, and notable features.
| Country | Capital | Language Spoken | Borders | Notable Features |
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| France | Paris | French | Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, Spain | Permanent member of the United Nations Security Council; Official nuclear-weapon state; Member of NATO, OECD, IMF, European Union, G7; Global center of philosophy, science, art, technology, and education; Key defense partner of India |
| Russia | Moscow | Russian | Geographically largest in the world; Cultural alignment with Europe | Largest stockpile of nuclear weapons; Technologically advanced; Permanent member of the United Nations Security Council; Largest defense trading partner of India |
| Germany | Berlin | German | – | Highly industrialized and technologically advanced; Aligns with international institutions such as NATO, EU, G7; Leading innovator in the automotive industry; Largest economy in Europe; Third-largest importer and exporter globally |
| United Kingdom | London | English | England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland | Sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP; Permanent member of the United Nations Security Council; Historical center of scientific innovations; Major center for higher education |
Capitals of Europe Quiz related to European countries with capitals, suitable for UPSC Exam, IAS Exam, and other government exams:
Question: Which of the following is the capital of France?
A. Berlin
B. Paris
C. Madrid
D. Rome
Answer: B. Paris
Check: Complete list of US capitals
Question: What is the capital of Germany?
A. Vienna
B. Berlin
C. Amsterdam
D. Brussels
Answer: B. Berlin
Question: Which country shares its borders with both Germany and France?
A. Belgium
B. Switzerland
C. Italy
D. Luxembourg
Answer: A. Belgium
Question: What is the capital of Russia?
A. Moscow
B. St. Petersburg
C. Kiev
D. Warsaw
Answer: A. Moscow
Question: Which of the following countries is part of the Nordic nations?
A. Sweden
B. Spain
C. Greece
D. Portugal
Answer: A. Sweden
Question: London is the capital of which European country?
A. United Kingdom
B. Ireland
C. Netherlands
D. Denmark
Answer: A. United Kingdom
Question: What is the capital of Italy?
A. Rome
B. Madrid
C. Athens
D. Lisbon
Answer: A. Rome
Question: Which European country is known for being a key defense partner of India?
A. France
B. Germany
C. United Kingdom
D. Russia
Answer: A. France
Question: Spain is located on which Iberian Peninsula?
A. Eastern
B. Western
C. Northern
D. Southern
Answer: B. Western
Question: The Andorra to Turkey region is part of which European subregion?
A. Western Europe
B. Southern Europe
C. Eastern Europe
D. Northern Europe
Answer: A. Western Europe
GK Preparation for All Competitive Exams:
Conclusion of European Countries and Capitals
The list of European countries with their capitals and interesting facts gives us a glimpse into the diverse cultures, histories, and landscapes of the continent. From iconic landmarks like the Eiffel Tower to the serene beauty of the Swiss Alps, Europe offers diverse landscapes and architectural wonders. In Italy, travelers can explore ancient ruins in Rome or indulge in culinary delights like Neapolitan pizza. Greece beckons with the Acropolis and sun-drenched islands like Santorini. Hidden gems abound, from Switzerland’s fairytale villages to Norway’s majestic fjords. Festivals showcase Europe’s vibrant culture, from Venice’s Carnival to Munich’s Oktoberfest. Whether delving into history, relaxing on beaches, or exploring nature, Europe offers endless adventures and lasting memories.
European Countries and Capitals – FAQs
How many countries are there in Europe?
There are 44 recognized countries in Europe. This includes Russia, which spans both Europe and Asia.
What are some interesting facts about European capital cities?
Berlin is the largest EU capital. Andorra La Vella has the highest elevation. Vatican City is the smallest. Cardiff is the youngest EU capital.
Are there 37 countries in Europe?
Europe has 50 countries, with 44 capitals on the continent. Russia is the largest, followed by Ukraine and France. Vatican City is the smallest, covering just 0.44 square kilometers.
Which European country is closest to India?
Montenegro, in Southeast Europe, is close to India. Popular attractions include Durmitor National Park, Budva, Kotor’s old town, and Adriatic beaches.
What are some of the major capitals in Europe?
Major European capitals include Paris (France), Berlin (Germany), Madrid (Spain), Rome (Italy), London (United Kingdom), Athens (Greece), and Amsterdam (Netherlands).
Is Russia considered a part of Europe?
Yes, Russia is a part of Europe. Although a significant portion of its landmass is in Asia, Russia is culturally and politically aligned with Europe. Moscow, its capital, is in the European part of Russia.
What is the smallest country in Europe, both in terms of size and population?
Vatican City is the smallest country in Europe by both land area and population.
Are there 256 countries in the world?
There are 195 countries globally. Of these, 193 are United Nations members, with the remaining 2 being non-member observer states.
Which European country has the largest economy?
Germany has the largest economy in Europe, known for its industrialization and technological advancements.
Is Europe bigger than the US?
Europe is 20% bigger than the contiguous United States.
Can you name some of the Nordic countries and their capitals?
Nordic countries include Denmark (Copenhagen), Sweden (Stockholm), Norway (Oslo), Finland (Helsinki), and Iceland (Reykjavik).
What is the significance of Brussels in the European Union?
Brussels, the capital of Belgium, is significant as it houses the headquarters of the European Commission, European Council, and European Parliament, making it the de facto capital of the European Union.
How large is Europe?
Europe covers about 10.18 million km2 (3.93 million sq mi), making it the second-smallest continent by land area.
Why is Europe so famous?
Europe is a treasure trove of art and culture. Italy holds more art per square meter than any other country, while the Louvre in Paris displays over 35,000 pieces of art.
What are the Balkan countries and their capitals?
Balkan countries include Slovenia (Ljubljana), Croatia (Zagreb), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo), Serbia (Belgrade), Montenegro (Podgorica), North Macedonia (Skopje), Albania (Tirana), and Bulgaria (Sofia).
Which European country is known for being a global center of art, philosophy, and education?
France, with its capital Paris, is renowned globally for its contributions to art, philosophy, science, and education.
What are some of the least populous countries in Europe?
Apart from Vatican City, other less populous countries include Monaco, San Marino, Liechtenstein, and Iceland.
Is the USA in Europe?
No, the United States is not located in Europe. Instead, it belongs to the North American continent. The United States shares its land borders with Mexico and Canada and has maritime boundaries with countries such as Russia, Cuba, and the Bahamas.