Dynamic initialization of object in C++

In this article, we will discuss the Dynamic initialization of objects using Dynamic Constructors.

• Dynamic initialization of object refers to initializing the objects at a run time i.e., the initial value of an object is provided during run time.
• It can be achieved by using constructors and by passing parameters to the constructors.
• This comes in really handy when there are multiple constructors of the same class with different inputs.

Dynamic Constructor:

• The constructor used for allocating the memory at runtime is known as the dynamic constructor.
• The memory is allocated at runtime using a new operator and similarly, memory is deallocated at runtime using the delete operator.

Dynamic Allocation:

Approach:

1. In the below example, new is used to dynamically initialize the variable in default constructor and memory is allocated on the heap.
2. The objects of the class geek calls the function and it displays the value of dynamically allocated variable i.e ptr.

Below is the program for dynamic initialization of object using new operator:

C++

// C++ program for dynamic allocation
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class geeks {
    int* ptr;

public:
    // Default constructor
    geeks()
    {
        // Dynamically initializing ptr
        // using new
        ptr = new int;
        *ptr = 10;
    }

    // Function to display the value
    // of ptr
    void display()
    {
        cout << *ptr << endl;
    }
};

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    geeks obj1;

    // Function Call
    obj1.display();

    return 0;
}

Output

10

Dynamic Deallocation:
Approach:

1. In the below code, delete is used to dynamically free the memory.
2. The contents of obj1 are overwritten in the object obj2 using assignment operator, then obj1 is deallocated by using delete operator.

Below is the code for dynamic deallocation of the memory using delete operator.

C++

// C++ program to dynamically
// deallocating the memory
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class geeks {
    int* ptr;

public:
    // Default constructor
    geeks()
    {
        ptr = new int;
        *ptr = 10;
    }

    // Function to display the value
    void display()
    {
        cout << "Value: " << *ptr
             << endl;
    }
};

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Dynamically allocating memory
    // using new operator
    geeks* obj1 = new geeks();
    geeks* obj2 = new geeks();

    // Assigning obj1 to obj2
    obj2 = obj1;

    // Function Call
    obj1->display();
    obj2->display();

    // Dynamically deleting the memory
    // allocated to obj1
    delete obj1;

    return 0;
}

Output

Value: 10
Value: 10

Below C++ program is demonstrating dynamic initialization of objects and calculating bank deposit:

C++

// C++ program to illustrate the dynamic
// initialization as memory is allocated
// to the object
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class bank {
    int principal;
    int years;
    float interest;
    float returnvalue;

public:
    // Default constructor
    bank() {}

    // Parameterized constructor to
    // calculate interest(float)
    bank(int p, int y, float i)
    {
        principal = p;
        years = y;
        interest = i/100;
        returnvalue = principal;
        cout << "\nDeposited amount (float):";

        // Finding the interest amount
        for (int i = 0; i < years; i++) {
            returnvalue = returnvalue
                          * (1 + interest);
        }
    }

    // Parameterized constructor to
    // calculate interest(integer)
    bank(int p, int y, int i)
    {
        principal = p;
        years = y;
        interest = float(i)/100;
        returnvalue = principal;
        cout << "\nDeposited amount"
             << " (integer):";

        // Find the interest amount
        for (int i = 0; i < years; i++) {
            returnvalue = returnvalue
                          * (1 + interest);
        }
    }

    // Display function
    void display(void)
    {
        cout << returnvalue
             << endl;
    }
};

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    // Variable initialization
    int p = 200;
    int y = 2;
    int I = 5;
    float i = 2.25;

    // Object is created with
    // float parameters
    bank b1(p, y, i);

    // Function Call with object
    // of class
    b1.display();

    // Object is created with
    // integer parameters
    bank b2(p, y, I);

    // Function Call with object
    // of class
    b2.display();

    return 0;
}

Output:

Deposited amount (float):209.101

Deposited amount (integer):220.5