Disorders of Muscular And Skeletal System: Locomotion and movement are essential functions of the human body that allow us to connect with our surroundings and perform daily activities. The muscular and skeletal systems collaborate to generate and control movement, with muscles providing the force required to move bones and joints. Nevertheless, movement abnormalities can occur when these systems’ regular functioning is disrupted.
Movement disorders can affect people of all ages and are caused by a number of variables such as genetic abnormalities, injuries, neurological problems, and aging. These illnesses can range from moderate to severe and substantially influence a person’s quality of life.
Muscular and Skeletal System
Skeletal System
The skeletal system is composed of 206 bones in adults, including the skull, spine, ribs, and limbs. Bones are made up of a hard outer layer called the cortex and a spongy inner layer called the trabeculae. Cartilage, a tough and flexible tissue, covers the ends of bones where they meet to form joints, and it also provides support for certain structures such as the nose and ears. Ligaments are strong bands of connective tissue that attach bones to each other and provide stability to joints.
Muscular System
Around 600 muscles comprise the muscular system, which includes skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles. Skeletal muscles are related to bones and are responsible for voluntary movement such as walking, running, and weight lifting. Smooth muscles can be found in the walls of internal organs like the stomach and intestines and are in charge of involuntary actions like digesting. The cardiac muscle is exclusively located in the heart and is in charge of the heart’s pumping motion.
To allow movement and preserve posture, the muscular and skeletal systems collaborate. To move, skeletal muscles contract and pull on bones, while the skeletal system offers a framework for the muscles to attach to and move. The skeletal system’s bones also safeguard the body’s interior organs, such as the brain, heart, and lungs. Furthermore, minerals such as calcium and phosphorus are stored in the skeletal system and are crucial for bone health and overall body function.
Muscular and Skeletal Disorders
There are many disorders that can affect the muscular and skeletal systems. Here are some of them:
Muscular System Disorders
- Muscular Dystrophy: A family of genetic illnesses that cause progressive muscle weakening and muscle mass loss. This is caused by mutations in genes responsible for manufacturing proteins required for muscle function.
- Myasthenia Gravis: An autoimmune condition that disrupts nerve-muscle transmission, resulting in muscle weakness and weariness. It is caused by antibodies targeting the receptors that receive nerve messages.
- Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A genetic condition that causes muscle weakening and atrophy by affecting the motor neurons in the spinal cord. This can make a movement, breathing, and swallowing difficult.
- Fibromyalgia: It is a chronic pain illness that causes muscular and soft tissue soreness and pain. Although the precise cause is unknown, it is likely to be related to anomalies in how the brain interprets pain signals.
Skeletal System Disorders
- Osteoporosis: A disorder in which the bones become brittle and weak, increasing the risk of breakage. It is frequently caused by a calcium, vitamin D, or hormone shortage, and it can be exacerbated by certain drugs or medical conditions.
- Arthritis: A collection of diseases that induce joint inflammation, resulting in pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. Arthritis comes in numerous forms, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout.
- Scoliosis: It is a condition in which the spine slopes to one side, resulting in unequal shoulders, hips, and waist. A multitude of causes can contribute to it, including genetic susceptibility, muscle weakness, or spinal injury.
- Osteomyelitis: A bone infection that is mainly caused by bacteria. Pain, edema, and fever are common symptoms, and treatment may include antibiotics and surgical drainage.
FAQs on Muscular and Skeletal Disorders
Q1: What is osteoporosis?
Answer:
Osteoporosis is a disorder in which bones become brittle and weak, increasing the risk of breakage. It is frequently caused by hormonal fluctuations or a deficiency in calcium and vitamin D.
Q2: How are locomotion and movement help in the human body?
Answer:
Locomotion and movement are essential functions of the human body that allow us to connect with our surroundings and perform daily activities.
Q3: How many bones are composed by the Skeletal system?
Answer:
The skeletal system is composed of 206 bones in adults, including the skull, spine, ribs, and limbs.