In computer programming, data type is a classification that specifies to compiler or interpreter which type of data user is intending to use.
There are two types of data types –
-
Primitive/Fundamental data type: Each variable in C/C++ has an associated data type. Each data type requires different amounts of memory and has some specific operations which can be performed over it.
Example of fundamental data types –
C++
// C++ program to illustrate // primitive data types #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std;
// main method starts from here int main()
{ int a = 2;
float b = 2.0;
double c = 2.0003;
char d = 'D' ;
cout<< "Integer value is = " << a
<< "\nFloat value is = " << b
<< "\nDouble value is = " << c
<< "\nChar value is = " << d <<endl;
} // This code has been contributed by cmaggio |
Java
// Java program to illustrate // primitive data types class GFG {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// Integer value
int a = 2 ;
// Float value
float b = 2 .0f;
// Double value
double c = 2.0003 ;
// Character
char d = 'D' ;
System.out.printf( "Integer value is = %d" , a);
System.out.printf( "\nFloat value is = %f" , b);
System.out.printf( "\nDouble value is = %f" , c);
System.out.printf( "\nChar value is = %c" , d);
}
} // This code has been contributed by 29AjayKumar |
Python
# Python program to illustrate # primitive data types # Integer value a = 2
# Float value b = 2.0
# Double value c = 2.0003
# Character d = 'D'
print ( "Integer value is = " , a);
print ( "\nFloat value is = " , b);
print ( "\nDouble value is = " , c);
print ( "\nChar value is = " , d);
# This code has been contributed by Code_Mech |
C#
// C# program to illustrate // primitive data types using System;
class GFG {
public static void Main()
{
// Integer value
int a = 2;
// Float value
float b = 2.0f;
// Double value
double c = 2.0003;
// Character
char d = 'D' ;
Console.WriteLine( "Integer value is = " + a);
Console.WriteLine( "\nFloat value is = " + b);
Console.WriteLine( "\nDouble value is = " + c);
Console.WriteLine( "\nChar value is = " + d);
}
} // This code has been contributed by Code_Mech. |
PHP
<?php // PHP program to illustrate // primitive data types { // Integer value
$a = 2;
// Float value
$b = 2.0;
// Double value
$c = 2.0003;
// Character
$d = 'D' ;
echo ( "Integer value is = " . $a );
echo ( "\nFloat value is = " . $b );
echo ( "\nDouble value is = " . $c );
echo ( "\nChar value is = " . $d );
} // This code has been contributed by Code_Mech. |
Javascript
<script> // JavaScript program to illustrate // primitive data types // Integer value
var a = 2;
// Float value
var b = 2.0;
// Double value
var c = 2.0003;
// Character
var d = 'D' ;
document.write( "Integer value is = " , a + "<br>" );
document.write( "\nFloat value is = " , b + "<br>" );
document.write( "\nDouble value is = " , c + "<br>" );
document.write( "\nChar value is = " , d + "<br>" );
// This code has been contributed by shivanisinghss2110 </script> |
Output:
Integer value is = 2 Float value is = 2.000000 Double value is = 2.000300 Char value is = D
-
Derived data type : These data types are defined by user itself. Like, defining a class in C++ or a structure. These include Arrays, Structures, Class, Union, Enumeration, Pointers etc.
Examples of derived data type :- Pointer :
C++
// C++ program to illustrate pointer // as derived data type #include <iostream> using namespace std;
// main method int main()
{ // integer variable
int variable = 10;
// Pointer for storing address
int * pointr;
// Assigning address of variable to pointer
pointr = &variable;
cout << "Value of variable = " << variable;
// cout << "\nValue at pointer = "<< pointr;
cout << "\nValue at *pointer = " << *pointr;
return 0;
} // This code is contributed by shubhamsingh10 |
C
// C program to illustrate pointer // as derived data type #include <stdio.h> // main method starts from here int main()
{ // integer variable
int variable = 10;
// Pointer for storing address
int * pointr;
// Assigning address of variable to pointer
pointr = &variable;
printf ( "Value of variable = %d" , variable);
// printf("\nValue at pointer = %d", pointr);
printf ( "\nValue at *pointer = %d" , *pointr);
return 0;
} |
Output:
Value of variable = 10 Value at *pointer = 10
- Array :
C++
// C++ program to illustrate array // derived data type #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std;
// main method starts from here int main()
{ // array of size 5
int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
// indexing variable
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
cout << ( "%d " , a[i]);
return 0;
} // This code is contributed by Code_Mech. |
C
// C program to illustrate array // derived data type #include <stdio.h> // main method starts from here int main()
{ // array of size 5
int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
// indexing variable
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
printf ( "%d " , a[i]);
return 0;
} |
Java
// Java program to illustrate array // derived data type import java.util.*;
class GFG {
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// array of size 5
int a[] = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 };
// indexing variable
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < 5 ; i++)
System.out.printf( "%d " , a[i]);
}
} /* This code contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */ |
Python3
# Python3 program to illustrate array # derived data type # Driver code # array of size 5 a = [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ];
# indexing variable for i in range ( 5 ):
print (a[i], end = " " );
# This code contributed by mits |
C#
// C# program to illustrate array // derived data type using System;
class GFG {
// Driver code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
// array of size 5
int [] a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
// indexing variable
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
Console.Write( "{0} " , a[i]);
}
} // This code contributed by Rajput-Ji |
PHP
<?php // PHP program to illustrate array // derived data type // Driver code // array of size 5 $a = array (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
// indexing variable for ( $i = 0; $i < 5; $i ++)
print ( $a [ $i ] . " " );
// This code contributed by mits ?> |
Javascript
<script> // Javascript program to illustrate // array derived data type // Array of size 5 let a = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]; // Indexing variable let i; for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
document.write(a[i] + " " );
// This code is contributed by decode2207 </script> |
Output:
1 2 3 4 5
- Structures –
C++
// C++ program to illustrate structure // derived data type #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std;
// structure struct structure_example
{ int integer;
float decimal;
char character[20];
}; // Main Method int main()
{ struct structure_example s = { 15, 98.9, "geeksforgeeks" };
cout << "Structure data -" << endl;
cout << "integer = " << s.integer << endl;
cout << fixed<<setprecision(6)<< "decimal = " << s.decimal << endl;
cout << "name = " << s.character << endl;
return 0;
} // This code is contributed by shubhamsingh10 |
C
// C program to illustrate structure // derived data type #include <stdio.h> // structure struct structure_example {
int integer;
float decimal;
char character[20];
}; // main method starts from here void main()
{ struct structure_example s = { 15, 98.9, "geeksforgeeks" };
printf ("Structure data - \n integer = %d \n decimal =
%f \n name = %s", s.integer, s.decimal, s.character);
} |
Output:
Structure data - integer = 15 decimal = 98.900002 name = geeksforgeeks
Fundamental Data Types | Derived Data Types |
---|---|
Fundamental data type is also called primitive data type. These are the basic data types. | Derived data type is the aggregation of fundamental data type. |
character, integer, float, and void are fundamental data types. | Pointers, arrays, structures and unions are derived data types. |
Character is used for characters. It can be classified as char, Signed char, Unsigned char. |
Pointers are used for storing address of variables. |
Integer is used for integers( not having decimal digits). It can be classified as signed and unsigned. Further classified as int, short int and long int. | Array is used to contain similar type of data. |
float is used for decimal numbers. These are classified as float, double and long double. | structure is used to group items of possibly different types into a single type. |
void is used where there is no return value required. | It is like structure but all members in union share the same memory location |