The full form of CSS is Cascading Style Sheets. It is a style sheet language used to add styles to the HTML document that will be displayed in the browsers. CSS makes the web page user-friendly and attractive. The CSS was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in the year of 1996. The CSS can be applied to HTML documents in different ways.
Table of Content
Types of CSS
There are three different methods to add CSS styles to the HTML document. These are:
1. Inline CSS: Inline CSS is a method of styling where CSS properties are directly applied to HTML elements within the body section by using the “style” attribute.
<h1 style="color: green;">GeeksforGeeks</h1>
2. Internal CSS: This can be used when a single HTML document must be styled uniquely. The CSS rule set should be within the HTML file in the head section i.e. the CSS is embedded within the <style> tag inside the head section of the HTML file.
<!DOCTYPE html> <html>
<head>
<title>Internal CSS</title>
<style>
h1 {
color: green;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>GeeksforGeeks</h1>
</body>
</html>
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3. External CSS: External CSS contains separate CSS files that contain only style properties with the help of tag attributes. CSS property is written in a separate file with a .css extension and should be linked to the HTML document using a link tag.
/* This will be separate file, for example style.css */
<style>
h1 {
color: green;
}
</style>
CSS Versions
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) has evolved over the years with various versions, each introducing new features, improvements, and specifications. Here are the major CSS versions:
Characteristics of CSS
- Maintenance: It is easy to maintain, changing in a single place will affect globally in your web site. No need to change every specific place.
- Time-saving: You can easily use any single CSS style at multiple places.
- Support: CSS is supported by all the browsers and search engines.
- Cache storing: CSS can store web applications locally with the help of offline cache so you can see the web site when you are offline.
- Native front-end: CSS contains a huge list of attributes and function that is helpful to design the HTML page.
- Selectors: In CSS, there are lots of selectors (ID selectors, Class Selectors, etc.) that will be helpful to perform specific tasks.
Advantages of CSS
- CSS is compatible with all the devices.
- With the help of CSS, website maintenance is easy and faster.
- CSS support consistent and spontaneous changes.
- CSS make the website faster and enhances search engine capabilities to crawl the web pages
- It holds a special feature that is the ability to re-position.
Disadvantages of CSS
- In CSS, there is a cross browsers issue if you design anything and check on chrome it looks perfect but that does not mean it will look the same in the other browsers. Then you have to add the script for that browser also.
- There is a lack of security in CSS.
- CSS is vulnerable, it is exposed to possibly being attacked.
- CSS has a fragmentation issue.