In this article, let us discuss different methods to concatenate/append values to a vector in R Programming Language.
Append method in R
Vectors in the R Programming Language is a basic objects consisting of sequences of homogeneous elements. vector can be integer, logical, double, character, complex, or raw. Values can be appended/concatenated in a vector using 2 methods.
- c() function
- append() function
- Using indexing
1. Append operation using c() function
c() function is a generic function that combines data into a vector or a list.
Syntax: c(…)
Parameters:
…: represents objects to be concatenated
To know about more optional parameters, use the below command in the console:
help("c")
Append using c() function
# Create a vector x <- 1:5 n <- 6:10 # Append using c() function y <- c (x, n)
# Print resultant vector print (y)
|
Output:
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Append method using c() function for different type of variables
# Create vector x <- 1:5 n <- letters [1:5]
# Append y <- c (x, n)
# Print resultant vector print (y)
# Print type of resultant vector typeof (y)
# Print type of other vectors typeof (x)
typeof (n)
|
Output:
[1] "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "a" "b" "c" "d" "e"
[1] "character"
[1] "integer"
[1] "character"
2. Append operation using append() function
append() function in R is used for merging vectors or adding more elements to a vector.
Syntax: append(x, values)
Parameters:
x: represents a vector to which values has to be appended to
values: represents the values which has to be appended in the vector
Append operation using append() function
# Create a vector x <- 1:5 # Append using append() function x <- append (x, 6:10)
# Print resultant vector print (x)
|
Output:
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Append operation using append() function for different type of variables
# Create a vector x <- 1:5 y <- letters [1:5]
# Append using append() function x <- append (x, values = y)
# Print resultant vector print (x)
|
Output:
[1] "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "a" "b" "c" "d" "e"
3. Append operation Using indexing
We can also append elements using indexing. we can assign values to indices beyond the length of the vector to append new elements.
# Create a vector my_vector <- c (1, 2, 3, 4)
# Append elements using indexing my_vector[5] <- 5 my_vector[6] <- 6 my_vector |
Output:
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6