Zeller’s congruence is an algorithm devised by Christian Zeller to calculate the day of the week for any Julian or Gregorian calendar date. It can be considered to be based on the conversion between Julian’s day and the calendar date.
It is an algorithm to find the day of the week for any date.
For the Gregorian calendar it is:
For the Julian calendar it is:
where,
- h is the day of the week (0 = Saturday, 1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday, …, 6 = Friday)
- q is the day of the month
- m is the month (3 = March, 4 = April, 5 = May, …, 14 = February)
- K is the year of the century (year % 100).
- J is the zero-based century (actually ? year/100 ?) For example, the zero-based centuries for 1995 and 2000 are 19 and 20 respectively (to not be confused with the common ordinal century enumeration which indicates 20th for both cases).
NOTE: In this algorithm January and February are
counted as months 13 and 14 of the previous
year.E.g. if it is 2 February 2010, the
algorithm counts the date as the second day
of the fourteenth month of 2009 (02/14/2009
in DD/MM/YYYY format)
For an ISO week date Day-of-Week d (1 = Monday to 7 = Sunday), use
d = ((h+5)%7) + 1
C++
// C++ program to Find the Day // for a Date #include <cmath> #include <cstring> #include <iostream> using namespace std;
int Zellercongruence( int day, int month, int year)
{ if (month == 1) {
month = 13;
year--;
}
if (month == 2) {
month = 14;
year--;
}
int q = day;
int m = month;
int k = year % 100;
int j = year / 100;
int h
= q + 13 * (m + 1) / 5 + k + k / 4 +
j / 4 + 5 * j;
h = h % 7;
switch (h) {
case 0:
cout << "Saturday \n" ;
break ;
case 1:
cout << "Sunday \n" ;
break ;
case 2:
cout << "Monday \n" ;
break ;
case 3:
cout << "Tuesday \n" ;
break ;
case 4:
cout << "Wednesday \n" ;
break ;
case 5:
cout << "Thursday \n" ;
break ;
case 6:
cout << "Friday \n" ;
break ;
}
return 0;
} // Driver code int main()
{ Zellercongruence(22, 10, 2017); // date (dd/mm/yyyy)
return 0;
} |
Java
// Java program to Find the Day // for a Date import java.util.*;
class GFG
{ // Print Day for a Date
static void Zellercongruence( int day, int month,
int year)
{
if (month == 1 )
{
month = 13 ;
year--;
}
if (month == 2 )
{
month = 14 ;
year--;
}
int q = day;
int m = month;
int k = year % 100 ;
int j = year / 100 ;
int h = q + 13 *(m + 1 ) / 5 + k + k / 4 + j / 4 + 5 * j;
h = h % 7 ;
switch (h)
{
case 0 : System.out.println( "Saturday" ); break ;
case 1 : System.out.println( "Sunday" ); break ;
case 2 : System.out.println( "Monday" ); break ;
case 3 : System.out.println( "Tuesday" ); break ;
case 4 : System.out.println( "Wednesday" ); break ;
case 5 : System.out.println( "Thursday" ); break ;
case 6 : System.out.println( "Friday" ); break ;
}
}
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Zellercongruence( 22 , 10 , 2017 ); //date (dd/mm/yyyy)
}
} /* This code is contributed by Mr. Somesh Awasthi */ |
Python3
# Python3 program to Find the Day # for a Date def switch(h) :
return {
0 : "Saturday" ,
1 : "Sunday" ,
2 : "Monday" ,
3 : "Tuesday" ,
4 : "Wednesday" ,
5 : "Thursday" ,
6 : "Friday" ,
}[h]
def Zellercongruence(day, month, year) :
if (month = = 1 ) :
month = 13
year = year - 1
if (month = = 2 ) :
month = 14
year = year - 1
q = day
m = month
k = year % 100 ;
j = year / / 100 ;
h = q + 13 * (m + 1 ) / / 5 + k + k / / 4 + j / / 4 + 5 * j
h = h % 7
print (switch (h))
# Driver code Zellercongruence( 22 , 10 , 2017 ) #date (dd/mm/yyyy)
# This code is contributed by Nikita Tiwari |
C#
// C# program to Find the Day // for a Date using System;
class GFG {
// Print Day for a Date
static void Zellercongruence( int day,
int month, int year)
{
if (month == 1)
{
month = 13;
year--;
}
if (month == 2)
{
month = 14;
year--;
}
int q = day;
int m = month;
int k = year % 100;
int j = year / 100;
int h = q + 13 * (m + 1) / 5 + k + k / 4
+ j / 4 + 5 * j;
h = h % 7;
switch (h)
{
case 0 : Console.WriteLine( "Saturday" );
break ;
case 1 : Console.WriteLine( "Sunday" );
break ;
case 2 : Console.WriteLine( "Monday" );
break ;
case 3 : Console.WriteLine( "Tuesday" );
break ;
case 4 : Console.WriteLine( "Wednesday" );
break ;
case 5 : Console.WriteLine( "Thursday" );
break ;
case 6 : Console.WriteLine( "Friday" );
break ;
}
}
// Driver code
public static void Main()
{
//date (dd/mm/yyyy)
Zellercongruence(22, 10, 2017);
}
} /* This code is contributed by vt_m */ |
Javascript
<script> // Javascript program to Find the Day for a Date
// Print Day for a Date
function Zellercongruence(day, month, year)
{
if (month == 1)
{
month = 13;
year--;
}
if (month == 2)
{
month = 14;
year--;
}
let q = day;
let m = month;
let k = year % 100;
let j = parseInt(year / 100, 10);
let h = q + parseInt(13 * (m + 1) / 5, 10) + k + parseInt(k / 4, 10) + parseInt(j / 4, 10) + 5 * j;
h = h % 7;
switch (h)
{
case 0 :
document.write( "Saturday" );
break ;
case 1 :
document.write( "Sunday" );
break ;
case 2 :
document.write( "Monday" );
break ;
case 3 :
document.write( "Tuesday" );
break ;
case 4 :
document.write( "Wednesday" );
break ;
case 5 :
document.write( "Thursday" );
break ;
case 6 :
document.write( "Friday" );
break ;
}
}
//date (dd/mm/yyyy)
Zellercongruence(22, 10, 2017);
</script> |
PHP
<?php // PHP program to Find the Day // for a Date function Zellercongruence( $day , $month , $year )
{ if ( $month == 1)
{
$month = 13;
$year --;
}
if ( $month == 2)
{
$month = 14;
$year --;
}
$q = $day ;
$m = $month ;
$k = $year % 100;
$j = $year / 100;
$h = $q + 13*( $m + 1) / 5 + $k +
$k / 4 + $j / 4 + 5 * $j ;
$h = $h % 7;
switch ( $h )
{
case 1 : echo "Saturday \n" ;
break ;
case 2 : echo "Sunday \n" ;
break ;
case 3 : echo "Monday \n" ;
break ;
case 4 : echo "Tuesday \n" ;
break ;
case 5 : echo "Wednesday \n" ;
break ;
case 6 : echo "Thursday \n" ;
break ;
case 7 : echo "Friday \n" ;
break ;
}
} // Driver code //date (dd/mm/yyyy) Zellercongruence(22, 10, 2017); // This code is contributed by ajit. ?> |
Output
Sunday
Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Another variation of Zeller’s Congruence formula:
C++
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std;
string Zellercongruence( int day, int month, int year)
{ vector<string> days
= { "Sunday" , "Monday" , "Tuesday" , "Wednesday" , "Thursday" , "Friday" , "Saturday" };
if (month < 3) {
month += 12;
year -= 1;
}
int c = year / 100;
year = year % 100;
int h = (c / 4 - 2 * c + year + year / 4 + 13 * (month + 1) / 5 + day - 1) % 7;
return days[(h + 7) % 7];
} int main()
{ cout << Zellercongruence(7, 3, 2003); // date (dd/mm/yyyy)
return 0;
} //This code is contributed by NarasingaNikhil |
Java
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
class GFG {
public static String
Zellercongruence( int day, int month, int year)
{
List<String> days = Arrays.asList(
"Sunday" , "Monday" , "Tuesday" , "Wednesday" ,
"Thursday" , "Friday" , "Saturday" );
if (month < 3 ) {
month += 12 ;
year -= 1 ;
}
int c = year / 100 ;
year = year % 100 ;
int h = (c / 4 - 2 * c + year + year / 4 + 13 * (month + 1 ) / 5 + day - 1 ) % 7 ;
return days.get((h + 7 ) % 7 );
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println(Zellercongruence( 7 , 3 , 2003 )); // date (dd/mm/yyyy)
}
} |
Python3
# code def Zellercongruence(day, month, year):
days = [ "Sunday" , "Monday" , "Tuesday" , "Wednesday" , "Thursday" , "Friday" , "Saturday" ]
if (month < 3 ):
month + = 12
year - = 1
c = year / / 100
year = year % 100
h = (c / / 4 - 2 * c + year + year / / 4 + 13 * (month + 1 ) / / 5 + day - 1 ) % 7
return days[(h + 7 ) % 7 ]
print (Zellercongruence( 7 , 3 , 2003 )) # date (dd/mm/yyyy)
|
C#
using System;
class Program {
static string Zellercongruence( int day, int month,
int year)
{
string [] days
= { "Sunday" , "Monday" , "Tuesday" ,
"Wednesday" , "Thursday" , "Friday" ,
"Saturday" };
if (month < 3) {
month += 12;
year -= 1;
}
int c = year / 100;
year = year % 100;
int h = (c / 4 - 2 * c + year + year / 4
+ 13 * (month + 1) / 5 + day - 1)
% 7;
return days[(h + 7) % 7];
}
static void Main( string [] args)
{
Console.WriteLine(Zellercongruence(
7, 3, 2003)); // date (dd/mm/yyyy)
}
} |
Javascript
function Zellercongruence(day, month, year) {
let days = [ "Sunday" , "Monday" , "Tuesday" , "Wednesday" , "Thursday" , "Friday" , "Saturday" ];
if (month < 3) {
month += 12;
year -= 1;
}
let c = Math.floor(year / 100);
year = year % 100;
let h = (c / 4 - 2 * c + year + year / 4 + 13 * (month + 1) / 5 + day - 1) % 7;
return days[(h + 7) % 7];
} console.log(Zellercongruence(7, 3, 2003)); // date (dd/mm/yyyy)
|
Output
Friday