India is a place that is known for variety in all habits. From culture, economy, and, surprisingly, the landscape of India has different components, all on one landmass. A great many actual elements of India make the country a total geological review. India has every possible landscape that the earth has, truth be told. From cold mountains to dry deserts, tremendous fields, hot and humid plateau, and wide beaches and tropical islands, the physical features of India cover each territory.
Origin of the Indian landscape
A long period of time back, the Peninsular Plateau region (the oldest landmass) was a piece of the Gondwana Land that covered India, Australia, South Africa, and South America. More than many long years of shifting landmass and sea flows broke this landmass into numerous pieces.
One such piece-the Indo-Australian plate began moving northwards, where it collided with the Eurasian plate (presently Europe). Subsequently, this crash made the landmass fold and become, what we know as the Himalayas today. From there on, numerous geographical occasions prompted the arrangement of every one of the varied physical features of India.
Categories of Physical Features of India
The 6 physical features of India are:
- The Himalayan mountains
- The Northern Plains
- Indian Desert
- Peninsular Plateau
- Coastal Plains
- Islands
The physical feature of India has flat plains, which are extensively composed of alluvial deposits in the northern plains of India.
Northern Plains
The three significant river systems of India-Indus, Ganga, and the Brahmaputra alongside their tributaries have taken care of the lower regions of the Himalayas. Since these river basins had a colossal amount of alluvial deposits from these glacial rivers, these regions developed rich for more than many years and prompted the Northern Plains. Moreover, the Northern Plains can again be separated into three huge parts-
- The Punjab Plains-The Indus River and its tributaries lead to the development of these vast fields, a significant piece of which currently lies in Pakistan. The Punjab plain is a fertile alluvial marsh arranged toward the west of the Yamuna river and north of the Rajasthan desert. The locale is formed of sediments brought by the Himalayan rivers. The plain is limited by Shivalik ranges in the north, the Rajasthan desert in the south, Pakistan in the west, and Delhi edge in the east.
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The Ganga Plains-This spreads across the provinces of North India, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Delhi, and West Bengal.
Stretch out from the Yamuna river in the west toward the western lines of Bangladesh. Distance covered-1400 km. regions Ganga-Yamuna doab, Awadh plains, and Mithila Plains. Both Bhabar and terai belts are all around framed in the Uttar Pradesh plain. - The Brahmaputra Plains-This covers significant pieces of Assam and the other North Eastern States. Stretch out in Assam for around 640 km. Formed by stores from the Brahmaputra stream and its tributaries. In certain spots, steeply rising hillocks are found. There are various riverine islands-Majuli, the biggest river island in the world. The Brahmaputra Basin is once in a while supposed to be the continuation of the northern fields towards the east.
Significance of Northern plains
Generally favorable for human settlement-rich soil, numerous rivers, and a great environment. Numerous multi-purpose dams built arrangement of water for irrigation, to create power. They hold social and religious significance-huge in literature, craftsmanship, art, and sacred rivers. The rivers in the plains are traversable which permits simple transportation and accordingly, promotes trade and business.
Sample Questions
Question 1: Write a few words about Bhabar?
Answer:
The Bhabar is a narrow belt around 8-10km wide running from East to the west side along the foot of the Shiwaliks of the Himalayan Range with a striking coherence from the Indus to the Teesta. The Bhabar belt is comparatively narrow in the east and broad in the western and north-western sloping areas. The region isn’t reasonable for farming and just big trees with huge roots flourish in this belt.
Question 2: Describe any five properties of the northern fields of India?
Answer:
Properties are:
- The northern plains have been shaped from the alluvium deposited by the mountain rivers.
- They are situated between the Himalayan rivers in the north and the Peninsular Plateau in the south.
- They turned the soil on the surfaced land fertile for growing a rich collection of a variety of yields. This led to the improvement of the Indus Valley Civilization.
- They are comprised of deposits of alluvium and cover an area of 7 lakh sq. km.
- They are a highly populated physiographic division of India and are accepted to be exceptionally useful regarding horticulture.