Nowadays unit testing frameworks are high in demand in the IT industries. Unit Testing frameworks refer to the library or the software tool that provides a structured environment for executing, writing, and managing the unit tests in the software development. There are various types of unit testing frameworks which are available in the market for developers which help them in multiple ways. Therefore in this article, comprehensive knowledge has been provided about Unit testing and the top Unit testing frameworks.
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What is Unit Testing?
Unit testing is defined as the first stage in which the particular components or units of the application are being tested. The main objective of unit testing is to verify whether the component works effectively or not. Unit testing is specifically done during the development phase of the application by breaking the code of the application into smaller chunks and then the software developers separately test each unit.
Popular Unit Testing Frameworks
Multiple unit testing frameworks are available in the IT industries and are used by software developers for testing the application and making it more efficient. Some of the popular unit testing frameworks are mentioned below:
1. JUnit
JUnit is an open-source unit testing framework that is used by Java programmers to write and implement unit testing in Java. JUnit is also used for the creation and execution of the unit tests to verify the accuracy of the website applications. This framework is used by developers to organize and read the tests better with the nested test classes.
Advantages:
- JUnit is used for writing codes faster which helps in increasing the quality of the code.
- In JUnit test runners are provided for running tests.
- JUnit provides assertions for testing the expected results
Limitations:
- By using JUnit testing writing test cases can be time-consuming.
- JUnit testing needs more knowledge especially when it comes to using the advanced features.
2. Serenity
Serenity is a popular unit testing framework that provides additional features for developing expressive and maintainable automated tests. With the help of Serenity, users can generate detailed testing reports. This framework also offers flexibility to align automated testing with specific needs.
Advantages:
- Serenity supports multiple datasets and testing.
- It offers flexibility through plugins, extensions, and configuration.
- This framework can seamlessly integrate with Cucumber, Selenium, and WebDriver.
Limitations:
- The Serenity tool can be run only by using JUnit runner or TestNG runner.
3. Selenide
Selenide is a popular Java testing framework that is one of the best tools for developing precise, easy-to-understand, and stable test cases for the user interface of the Java application. This framework can effectively solve the timing/Ajax problems while at the same time making sure that the tests are reliable and accurate.
Advantages:
- Selenide supports the testing applications that are developed using AngularJS.
- It mainly simplifies the process of writing the test cases by reducing the timeout issues.
- Selenide also helps in eliminating the need for multiple complex commands in the traditional Selenium tools.
Limitations:
- Selenide consists of slow execution speed.
- Poor reporting capabilities.
4. TestNG
TestNG is a unit testing framework that is used to support testing integrated classes. This framework provides software developers with multiple functionalities such as sequencing, grouping, and parameterizing. It also supports dependent testing, load testing, and parallel testing.
Advantages:
- Parallel testing, dependent testing, and load testing are possible in TestNG.
- TestNG allows the grouping of the test methods into the test groups.
- By using the data providers it also supports data-driven testing.
Limitations:
- The setup of TestNG is time-consuming.
- If the project doesn’t need test case prioritization then TestNG is of no use.
5. Puppeteer
Puppeteer is a unit testing framework that provides a high-level API to control headless Chromium or Chrome over the DevTools Protocol. Puppeteer offers a special Chrome API which is used for NodeJS applications. It is a Node library that is used for automating Chrome browsers to the website tests.
Advantages:
- Puppeteer offers a headless mode and has of faster execution speed.
- Developers can set browser resolution and sizes.
- It supports both mobile and web automation.
Limitations:
- Puppeteer provides support to a few browsers.
- This framework particularly focuses on JavaScript.
6. Gauge
Gauge is an open-source unit testing framework that is used for testing mobile websites. With the help of Gauge, software developers can write tests in a way that is easy to understand by using the preferred programming language. The gauge also facilitates parallel test execution by increasing efficiency and saving more time.
Advantages:
- It offers a business layer that mainly enhances the readability and comprehension of test scripts.
- Gauge also provides intelligent report generation by making it easy to act and analyze the test results.
- This framework makes sure that the test scripts remain precise and maintainable.
Limitations:
- The gauge needs more developing time.
7. Jest
Jest is a JavaScript unit testing framework that is used to handle unit functional, integration, and end-to-end testing. This framework is user-friendly and consists of a straightforward interface that helps the software developers conduct unit testing conveniently.
Advantages:
- Jest consists of a snapshot feature that allows users to keep track of large objects easily.
- In Jest, the test can be parallelized by running in their processes to maximize.
- Jest also provides standard syntax with documentation support.
Limitations:
- Jest doesn’t provide support for all IDEs.
- The auto-mocking feature present in Jest can lead to speed negativity.
8. Mocha
Mocha is another famous unit testing framework that offers flexibility and also supports multiple libraries. This framework is used with the other libraries and the tools like Chai and Sinon. It also allows to handle the various tasks at the same time and provides support to asynchronous testing.
Advantages:
- It can test the components of both the front-end and back-end.
- Mocha includes built-in support for the NodeJS debugger.
- With the help of Mocha, developers can write tests according to their convenience.
Limitations:
- Mocha needs a Node.js environment.
- Mocha has a steeper learning curve for beginner people.
9. Jasmine
Jasmine is another unit testing framework that offers robust support for Behaviour-driven development. This framework helps the software developers to develop well-tested and well-documented code which is particularly used for frontend testing.
Advantages:
- It provides detailed support for testing an application’s frontend and backend components.
- Jasmine doesn’t need any document object model.
- It also offers a clean and straightforward syntax for easy website application testing.
Limitations:
- With Jasmine asynchronous testing is difficult.
- The documentation of Jasmine is not present in a user-friendly way.
10. Cypress
Cypress is an open-source unit testing tool that is used to test website applications. It is used for testing Javascript and the web components that run in a browser and this framework supports modern web technologies. Cypress can be run on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Advantages:
- Cypress supports cross-browser testing.
- It allows the software developers to debug tests in real-time in real-time.
- Cypress provides fast and easy testing and the tests are run directly on the browsers.
Limitations:
- Cypress doesn’t provide any support for mobile testing.
- Cypress is only compatible with TypeScript/ JavaScript.
How to Choose the Right Unit Testing Framework?
There are some important points in question form that need to be kept in mind while choosing a unit testing framework such as:
1. What do you want to test?
The first thing that needs to be thought about is- What type and kind of software do you need to test? What type of requirements are recommended by the QA team and what is the scope of testing? These are some of the basic questions that need to be though before choosing the right unit testing framework.
2. What are the areas that need to be tested?
The second thought should be focused on which software feature needs to be tested first. The chosen framework should let you start with the priority modules in a short period. Therefore the longer it takes, the later it will be in the industry.
3. Who has the framework?
Who is the person who is responsible for managing and maintaining the framework? This tool should be aligned with the skills of the person who is managing it since they will be accountable for any glitches if they happen.
Conclusion
Unit testing frameworks play a crucial role in the software development process by providing a mechanism for the software developers to verify each part of the software by running the tests on each unit of code. The unit testing frameworks help the developers maintain the quality of the code and facilitate easy debugging. Therefore in this article, detailed knowledge has been provided about the Unit testing frameworks with their features.
FAQs on Unit Testing Frameworks
1. What are Unit Testing Frameworks?
Unit testing frameworks are the software tools that are used to provide support while writing, running, and the unit tests and to execute the tests.
2. What is the benefit of unit testing frameworks?
Unit testing frameworks provide the developers with several insights into the testing code base so they can make any code changes very easily and quickly.
3. Name some of the popular unit testing frameworks.
Some of the popular unit testing frameworks are- JUnit, Cypress, Jasmine, Mocha, TestNG, Serenity, Selenide, Puppeteer, Jest, Gauge, and so on.
4. Why is Unit testing important?
Unit testing is the most important process in software development as it helps to catch the defects early in the process, helps in improving the code quality, and facilitates refactoring.