spwd module in Python provides access to the Unix shadow password database. The entries stored in the database is tuple-like objects whose attributes are similar as the members of spwd structure defined in <shadow.h> header file.
Following are the attributes of tuple-like object which represents the entries stored in Unix shadow password database:
| Index | Attributes | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | sp_namp | Login name |
| 1 | sp_pwdp | Encrypted password |
| 2 | sp_lstchg | Date of last change |
| 3 | sp_min | Minimal number of days between changes |
| 4 | sp_max | Maximum number of days between changes |
| 5 | sp_warn | Number of days before password expires to warn user about it |
| 6 | sp_inact | Number of days after password expires until account is disabled |
| 7 | sp_expire | Number of days since 1970-01-01 when account expires |
| 8 | sp_flag | Reserved |
spwd module in Python defines following two methods:
spwd.getspnam() methodspwd.getspall() method
Note: spwd module is UNIX specific service. So, all methods of this module is available on UNIX versions only.
spwd.getspnam() method -
spwd.getspnam() method in Python is used to get the entry stored in Unix shadow password database for the specified user name.
This method requires the user to have enough privileges to access the shadow password database. PermissionError exception will be raised in case user do not have enough privileges.
Syntax: spwd.getspnam(name)
Parameter:
name: A string value representing the user name for which shadow password database entry is required.Return type: This method returns a tuple-like object of class ‘spwd.struct_spwd’ which represents the shadow password database entry associated with the specified user name.
Code: Use of spwd.getspnam() method
# Python program to explain spwd.getspnam() method # importing spwd module import spwd
# User name name = "ihritik"
# Get the shadow password # database entry for the # specified user name # using spwd.getspnam() method entry = spwd.getspnam(name)
# Print the retrieved entry print("Shadow password database entry for the user name '%s':" %name)
print(entry)
# User name name = "root"
# Get the shadow password # database entry for the # specified user name # using spwd.getspnam() method entry = spwd.getspnam(name)
# Print the retrieved entry print("\nShadow password database entry for the user name '%s':" %name)
print(entry)
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Output:
spwd.getspall() method -
spwd.getspall() method in Python is used to get the all available entries stored in shadow password database. This method also requires the user to have enough privileges to access the shadow password database.
Syntax: spwd.getspall()
Parameter: No parameter is required.
Return type: This method returns a list of tuple-like object of class ‘spwd.struct_spwd’ whose elements represent the shadow password database entries.
Code: Use of spwd.getspall() method
# Python program to explain spwd.getspall() method # importing spwd module import spwd
# Get the all available # shadow password database entries # using spwd.getspall() method entries = spwd.getspall()
# Print the retrieved entries print("Shadow password database entries:")
for row in entries:
print(row)
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Shadow password database entries:
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’root’, sp_pwdp=’!’, sp_lstchg=17677, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’daemon’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’bin’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’sys’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’sync’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’games’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’man’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’lp’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’mail’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’news’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’uucp’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’proxy’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’www-data’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’backup’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’list’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’irc’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’gnats’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’nobody’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’systemd-timesync’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’systemd-network’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’systemd-resolve’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’systemd-bus-proxy’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’syslog’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’messagebus’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’_apt’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’uuidd’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’rtkit’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’avahi-autoipd’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’usbmux’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’dnsmasq’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’whoopsie’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’kernoops’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’speech-dispatcher’, sp_pwdp=’!’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’avahi’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’saned’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’pulse’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’colord’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’hplip’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’geoclue’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’gdm’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17536, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’ihritik’, sp_pwdp=’$6$xOnnKlQr$yiKkE4XS1zT9mUj9NARHUTLZ8ibWurTx4pjQYOC58YHGGGBWTI3GIFKU4RUWC99JmPZIsfSlSvtm1GAyJL1G41′, sp_lstchg=17677, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’sshd’, sp_pwdp=’*’, sp_lstchg=17692, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)
spwd.struct_spwd(sp_namp=’master’, sp_pwdp=’$6$oMUtyit0$zCrJ3K5XEWEhqclJW.rsL9SP3zWHkLhT8rQ75fhJ4P6zZlhF3aOfymQT8A/VRqkJrutWCuWXvaekMUP/IIgFG1′, sp_lstchg=17972, sp_min=0, sp_max=99999, sp_warn=7, sp_inact=-1, sp_expire=-1, sp_flag=-1)