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Ruby | Operators

An operator is a symbol that represents an operation to be performed with one or more operand. Operators are the foundation of any programming language. Operators allow us to perform different kinds of operations on operands. There are different types of operators used in Ruby as follows: 
 

Arithmetic Operators


These are used to perform arithmetic/mathematical operations on operands. 
 


Example:
 

# Ruby program to demonstrate 
# the Arithmetic Operators

# Addition
puts ("Addition:")
puts (10 + 20)

# Subtraction
puts ("Subtraction:")
puts (40 - 20)

# Division
puts ("Division:")
puts (100 / 20)

# Multiplication
puts ("Multiplication:")
puts (10 * 20)

# Modulus
puts ("Modulus:")
puts (20 % 7)

# Exponent
puts ("Exponent:")
puts (2 ** 4)

Output: 
 

Addition:
30
Subtraction:
20
Division:
5
Multiplication:
200
Modulus:
6
Exponent:
16


 

Comparison Operators


Comparison operators or Relational operators are used for comparison of two values. Let’s see them one by one:
 


Example:
 

# Ruby program to demonstrate 
# the Comparison Operators
 
puts "Equal To Operator:"
puts (10 == 20)
 
puts "Not Equal To Operator:"
puts (40 != 20)
 
puts "Greater than Operator"
puts (100 > 20)
 
puts "Less than Operator"
puts (10  < 20)
 
puts "Less than Equal To Operator"
puts (2  <=  5)

puts "Greater than Equal To Operator"
puts (2  >=  5)
 
puts "Combined combination operator"
puts(20 <=> 20)
puts(10 <=> 20)
puts(20 <=> 10)

Output: 
 

Equal To Operator:
false
Not Equal To Operator:
true
Greater than Operator
true
Less than Operator
true
Less than Equal To Operator
true
Greater than Equal To Operator
false
Combined combination operator
0
-1
1


 

Logical Operators


They are used to combine two or more conditions/constraints or to complement the evaluation of the original condition in consideration. They are described below:
 


Example:
 

# Ruby program to demonstrate 
# the Logical Operators
 
# Variables
a = 10
b = 20
c = 30

# using && operator
if a == 10 && b == 20 && c == 30
    puts "Logical AND Operator"
    puts result = a * b * c
end

# using || operator
puts "Logical OR operator"
if a == 10 || b == 20
    puts result = a + b + c
end

# using ! operator
puts "Logical Not Operator"
puts !(true)

Output: 
 

Logical AND Operator
6000
Logical OR operator
60
Logical Not Operator
false


 

Assignment Operators


Assignment operators are used to assigning a value to a variable. The left side operand of the assignment operator is a variable and right side operand of the assignment operator is a value. The value on the right side must be of the same data-type of the variable on the left side otherwise the compiler will raise an error. 
Different types of assignment operators are shown below: 
 


Example:
 

# Ruby program to demonstrate 
# the Assignments Operators
 
puts "Simple assignment operator"
puts a = 20

puts "Add AND assignment operator"
puts a += 10

puts "Subtract AND assignment operator"
puts a -= 5

puts "Multiply AND assignment operator"
puts a *= 10

puts "Divide AND assignment operator"
puts a /= 4

puts "Modulus AND assignment operator"
puts a %= 3

puts "Exponent AND assignment operator"
puts a **= 3

Output: 
 

Simple assignment operator
20
Add AND assignment operator
30
Subtract AND assignment operator
25
Multiply AND assignment operator
250
Divide AND assignment operator
62
Modulus AND assignment operator
2
Exponent AND assignment operator
8


 

Bitwise Operators


In Ruby, there are 6 bitwise operators which work at bit level or used to perform bit by bit operations. Following are the bitwise operators : 
 


Example: 
 

# Ruby program to demonstrate 
# the Bitwise Operators

# variables
a = 10
b = 20

puts "Bitwise AND operator"
puts (a & b)

puts "Bitwise OR operator"
puts (a |b)

puts "Bitwise XOR operator"
puts (a ^ b)

puts "Bitwise Complement operator"
puts (~a)

puts "Binary right shift operator"
puts (a >> 2)

puts "Binary left shift operator"
puts (a << 2)

Output: 
 

Bitwise AND operator
0
Bitwise OR operator
30
Bitwise XOR operator
30
Bitwise Complement operator
-11
Binary right shift operator
2
Binary left shift operator
40


 

Ternary Operator


It is a conditional operator which is a shorthand version of the if-else statement. It has three operands and hence the name ternary. It will return one of two values depending on the value of a Boolean expression. 
Syntax : 
 

condition ? first_expression : second_expression;


Explanation : 
 

condition: It be evaluated to true or false.
If the condition is true
 first_expression is evaluated and becomes the result. 
If the condition is false, 
 second_expression is evaluated and becomes the result.


Example :
 

# Ruby program to demonstrate 
# the Ternary Operator

# variable
marks_obtained = 100

# using ternary operator
result = marks_obtained > 40 ? 'Pass' : 'Fail'

# displaying output
puts result

Output: 
 

Pass


 

Range Operators


In Ruby, range operators are used for creating the specified sequence range of specified elements. There are two range operators in Ruby as follows:
 


Example:
 

# Ruby program to demonstrate 
# the Range Operator

# Array value separator
$, =", "  

# using .. Operator
range_op = (7 .. 10).to_a

# displaying result
puts "#{range_op}"

# using ... Operator
range_op1 = (7 ... 10).to_a

# displaying result
puts "#{range_op1}"

Output: 
 

[7, 8, 9, 10]
[7, 8, 9]


 

defined? Operator


The defined? the operator is a special operator which is used to check whether the passed expression is defined or not. It returns nil if passed argument is not defined, otherwise, it returns a string of that argument which defines that.
Syntax:
 

defined? expression_to_be_checked


Example: 
 

# Ruby program to demonstrate 
# the defined? Operator

# variables
GFG =  1
Geeks = 70


puts ("define? Operator Results")

# using defined? Operator
# it returns constant
puts defined? GFG        

# it returns constant
puts defined? Geeks 

# it returns nil
puts defined? a  
       
# it returns expression
puts defined? 50

Output: 
 

define? Operator Results
constant
constant

expression


 

Dot "." and Double Colon "::" Operators


 


Example: 
 

# Ruby program to demonstrate 
# Dot “.” and Double Colon 
# “::” Operators

# defined constant on main Object class
CONS = 5   

# define module
module Geeks
    
   CONS = 5
   
   # set global CONS to 7
   ::CONS = 7   
   
    # set local CONS to 10
   CONS = 10    
end

# displaying global CONS value
puts CONS     

# displaying local "Geeks" CONS value
# using :: operator
puts Geeks::CONS   

class Gfg
    def Geeks2
        puts "Dot Operator"
    end
end

# calling Geeks2 module using 
# Dot(.) operator
puts Gfg.new.Geeks2

Output: 
 

7
10
Dot Operator
main.rb:14: warning: already initialized constant CONS
main.rb:6: warning: previous definition of CONS was here
main.rb:17: warning: already initialized constant Geeks::CONS
main.rb:11: warning: previous definition of CONS was here


 

Article Tags :
Ruby
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