Morphology in biology is the study of the size, shape, and structure of plants by the relationships of their constituent parts. The term refers to the general aspects of the biological form and arrangement of parts of a plant or animal. For any plant you choose, flowering plant morphology includes roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.Flowers are the reproductive organs of flowering plants and are the important feature that compares them to other seed plants. Flowering plants have given origin to species of angiosperms which help them to adapt to diverse ecological niches.
Q.1 Which of the following statement is correct?
a) Organic food moves up through the phloem
b) Organic food moves up and down through the phloem
c) Organic food moves up and down through the xylem
d) Both (a) and (b)
Ans-( b) Organic food moves up and down through the phloem
- The transfer of organic substances or solutes from one place to another in higher plants is called the transfer of organic solutes.
- such as water, gases, minerals, hormones, organic solutes, etc.
- The tissue dedicated to the transport or conduction of foods is the phloem.
- Protoplasmic streaming occurs in the sieve tube elements of the phloem and the solute molecules captured in the circulating cytoplasm are carried from one end of the sieve tube to the other end.
- From where they spread through the cytoplasmic strands in the sieve plates to the next sieve tube elements that’s why the correct answer is ‘organic food moves up and down through the phloem’
Q.2 Aerenchyma plants to help?
a) In the appendix
b) Float in water
c) Photosynthesis
d) In respiration
Ans-(b) Float in water
- Aerenchyma plants help Float in water
- Aerenchyma is the tissue that allows aquatic plants to swim.
- Aerenchyma provides buoyancy to aquatic plants to help them float.
- Basically, Aerenchyma is the parenchyma tissue in aquatic plants.
- The cells of the Aerenchyma form a network containing wide air spaces or air cavities for gaseous exchange. These air holes make the plant lighter and swell and, therefore, the plant can easily float in the water.
Q.3 What is the substance coming out of stomata?
a) Water only
b) Salt-free water
c) Sugar and water
d) Salt-Free Water droplets s
Ans -(a) Water Only
- Water is the substance coming out of stomata.
- Stomata help in the transpiration of water, Transpiration is a procedure in which water vapour is lost through the stomata of plants.
- The loss of water from the stomata creates an upward pull, that is, a suction bridge that helps in the absorption of water from the roots.
- It is responsible for the interchange of gases for respiration and photosynthesis.
- The stomata allow for the loss of excess water in the form of water vapour, which also allows cooling.
Q.4 Which state polyarch condition is found?
a) In monocot root
b) In dicot root
c) In monocot stem
d) Both in roots and stems
Ans- (c ) In monocot roots
- Monocot root vascular bundles are radial in the organization. There are eight bundles each of xylem and phloem present.
- Therefore, the condition is explained as polyarch. Xylem is explained as exarch in monocot root.
- Dicot root vascular bundles are explained as radial and tetrarch. There are four bundles each of xylem and phloem present it occurring alternately. Xylem is explained as exarch.
- Monocot stem vascular bundles combined, collateral, and closed with endarch xylem
Q.5 The origin of a branch is called…………?
a) Exogenous
b) Endogenous
c) Conjugation
d) Homologous
Ans-(c ) Conjugation
- The origin of a branch is called conjugation.
- Conjugation is the process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact.
Q.6 Which of the following Product are made of Cystoliths?
a) Glucose
b) Starch
c) MgCO3
d) Calcium Carbonate
Ans- (d) Calcium Carbonate
- A cystolith is a stalk-like crystal made of calcium carbonate.
- It is formed as an outgrowth of the epidermal cell wall.
- It is made in special cells called lithocysts in the leaves of plants.
Q.7 Where are stomata usually found?
a) In the leaf of Hydrilla
b) In the root of Rhizophora
c) In the rhizome of the fern
d) None of these
Ans-(d) None of these
- The stomata are usually more numerous on the underside of the leaves.
- Stomata are open during the day in the presence of sunlight.
- If multiple stomata are present on the outer surface of dicot leaves, this will result in greater water loss during the day and higher temperatures.
- This can cause the leaves to wither. Therefore, terrestrial plants have a large number of stomata on the lower surface of the leaves to prevent excessive water loss.
Q.8 How are the flowers of racemose inflorescence arranged?
a) In pair
b) Bicipital
c) Acropetal
d) None of these
Ans-(c)Acropetal
- Acropetal flowers are arranged for racemose inflorescence.
- it is the arrangement of flowers on the plant’s pedicel in the way that new flowers and new buds are at the top, while relatively old flowers are placed at the base.
Q.9 Which of the following points is Hypanthodium inflorescence are met.?
a) Ocimum
b) Yakka
c) Fiscus
d) Allium
Ans-(c) fiscus.
- Hypanthodium inflorescence is met in the fiscus.
- Hypanthodium inflorescence, the peduncle is modified into a narrow closed cup-like structure with an orifice (ostiole).
- At the base of the cup female flowers develop while towards the mouth male flowers develop.
Q,10 Which one of the following is not a nut?
a) Areca nut
b) Walnut
c) Peanut
d) All of the Above
Ans-(a)Areca nut
- Areca nut is not a nut. Areca nut is a type of berry
- Nuts are simple, dry, unicellular, and single-seeded fruits.
- Nuts develop from a bicarpellary or multicarpellary syncarpous ovary.
- Coconut is a drupe that develops from the monocarpellary superior ovary and bears a single seed.
- Walnut is a fruit in which the pericarp is hard or leathery and it surrounds the seed.
Q.11 Which of the following is a pome?
a) Apple
b) Bael
c) Custard-apple
d) Cath
Ans-(a) Apple
- A pome is a type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subfamily Malina of the Rosaceae family.
- Apple is a famous Pome.
Q.12 Which of the following is pericarp and placenta are edible portions:
a) Apple
b) Potato
c) Tomato
d) Banana
Ans-(c ) Tomato
- Tomato is a berry fruit.
- The placenta and pericarp are both edible portions in tomato.
- The placenta supplies nutrition for the embryo and the pericarp is the remains of the ovular wall.
Q13 Which are non-essential parts of a flower?
a) Sepals and carpels
b) Sepals and gynoecium
c) Androecium and gynoecium
d) Sepals and petals
Ans- (d) Sepals and petals
- Non-essential (auxiliary) parts are those that either protect the reproductive parts of the flower or make the flower attractive for pollination.
- Sepals and petals are non-essential floral organs as they have only a supportive role in flowers.
Q14. Anemocorous plants are?
a) Pollinating by wind
b) That shows scattering by the wind
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these
Ans -(b) That shows scattering by the wind
- Anemocorous plants are that show scattering by the wind.
- Dispersal by wind (Annemocorus), the wind is one of the best for carrying seeds and fruits to distant places.
Q15.Veins of the leaves are helpful?
a) Mechanical support
b) Transport of water and minerals
c) Transport of organic nutrients
d) All of the above
Ans-(d) All of the above
- Veins in leaves are made up of xylem and phloem.
- It is useful in providing mechanical support to the leaf.
- It also helps in the transport of both water and minerals via xylem tissue and the transport of organic nutrients via phloem tissue to the rest of the plant.
Q.16 which one of the following is mono seeded winged fruit?
a) Nut
b) Samara
c) Cypsela
d) Achene
Ans-(b)Samara
- Samara is an achene type of dry single-seeded indehiscent fruit having papery wing-like structures surrounding it.
- Samara is used in seed dispersal.
Q.17 Stem transforms into flattened, green organs acting as leaves?
a) Phyllodes
b) Cladodes
c) Phylloclades
d) Balance
Ans –(c) Phylloclades
- A phylloclade is a flattened, photosynthetic branch or stem that resembles or functions as a leaf.
- In phylloclade, the entire stem is transformed into a flat leaf-like photosynthetic organ.
- It is 74 per cent complete.
Q. 18 Fruit developed from condensed inflorescence is called?
a) Composite fruit
b) Simple fruit
c) Aggregate fruit
d) Etaerio
Ans-(a) Composite fruit
- A fruit that supports the condensation of an inflorescence is called a composite fruit.it is also known as mixed fruit.
- Aggregate or etaerio fruits are the ones that develop from a polycarpellary apocarpous gynaecium of a single flower.
- Simple fruit develops from a single ovary of a single flower.
Q.19 Radial symmetry is found in the flowers of
a) Cassia
b) Pisum
c) Trifolium
d) Brassica
Ans (d)Brassica
- Brassica’s petals are in radial symmetry which means all petals are similar in shape and size.
- These flowers are referred to as actinomorphic flowers.
Q.20 which one of the following has climbing roots found:?
a) Orchids
b) Hydrilla
c) Piper
d) Cuscuta
Ans- ( c)Piper
- Climbing root has present in the piper plant.
- climbing roots are mainly present in monocots, shrubs, and small trees.
- They grow obliquely downwards and penetrate the soil.
- its main function is to provide support to the plant.