Given a binary string S of length N, the task is to find the minimum number of characters required to be inserted such that all the characters in the string becomes the same based on the condition that:
If ‘1’ is inserted into the string, then all the ‘0’s nearest to the inserted ‘1’ is flipped or vice-versa.
Examples:
Input: S = “11100”
Output: 1
Explanation:
Operation 1: Inserting ‘1’ at the last of the given string modifies S to “111001”. Adding ‘1’ to the last flips all the nearest ‘0’s to the inserted ‘1’. Therefore, the resultant string is “111111”.
After completing the above operation, all the characters of the string are the same. Therefore count of operations is 1.Input: S = “0101010101”
Output: 9
Approach: The idea is to solve this problem by Greedy Approach based on the following observations:
- It can be seen that inverting one continuous section of ‘1’s or ‘0’s reduces the number of sections by one in this operation. Therefore, it is sufficient to repeat this operation to make it all into one section. The number of operations required is equal to sections – 1.
- In simpler terms, count the total number of non-equal adjacent pair of characters, so that inverting one of them can convert the whole substring into similar substrings.
Follow the steps below to solve the problem:
- Initialize a variable, say count, that stores the count of different adjacent characters.
- Traverse the string and check if the current and the next characters are different, then increment the value of count.
- After completing the above steps, print the value of count as the minimum required operations.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
// C++ program for the above approach #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std;
// Function to calculate the minimum // number of operations required to make // all characters of the string same int minOperations(string& S)
{ // Stores count of operations
int count = 0;
// Traverse the string
for ( int i = 1; i < S.length(); i++) {
// Check if adjacent
// characters are same or not
if (S[i] != S[i - 1]) {
// Increment count
count += 1;
}
}
// Print the count obtained
cout << count;
} // Driver Code int main()
{ string S = "0101010101" ;
minOperations(S);
return 0;
} |
// Java program to implement // the above approach import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class GFG
{ // Function to calculate the minimum
// number of operations required to make
// all characters of the string same
static void minOperations(String S)
{
// Stores count of operations
int count = 0 ;
// Traverse the string
for ( int i = 1 ; i < S.length(); i++)
{
// Check if adjacent
// characters are same or not
if (S.charAt(i) != S.charAt(i - 1 ))
{
// Increment count
count += 1 ;
}
}
// Print the count obtained
System.out.print(count);
}
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String S = "0101010101" ;
minOperations(S);
}
} // This code is contributed by susmitakundugoaldanga. |
# Python program to implement # the above approach # Function to calculate the minimum # number of operations required to make # all characters of the string same def minOperations(S):
# Stores count of operations
count = 0 ;
# Traverse the string
for i in range ( 1 , len (S)):
# Check if adjacent
# characters are same or not
if (S[i] ! = S[i - 1 ]):
# Increment count
count + = 1 ;
# Print count obtained
print (count);
# Driver Code if __name__ = = '__main__' :
S = "0101010101" ;
minOperations(S);
# This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar |
// C# program to implement // the above approach using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
class GFG
{ // Function to calculate the minimum
// number of operations required to make
// all characters of the string same
static void minOperations( string S)
{
// Stores count of operations
int count = 0;
// Traverse the string
for ( int i = 1; i < S.Length; i++)
{
// Check if adjacent
// characters are same or not
if (S[i] != S[i - 1])
{
// Increment count
count += 1;
}
}
// Print the count obtained
Console.Write(count);
}
// Driver Code
public static void Main()
{
string S = "0101010101" ;
minOperations(S);
}
} // This code is contributed by code_hunt. |
<script> // JavaScript program for the above approach
// Function to calculate the minimum
// number of operations required to make
// all characters of the string same
function minOperations(S) {
// Stores count of operations
var count = 0;
// Traverse the string
for ( var i = 1; i < S.length; i++) {
// Check if adjacent
// characters are same or not
if (S[i] !== S[i - 1]) {
// Increment count
count += 1;
}
}
// Print the count obtained
document.write(count);
}
// Driver Code
var S = "0101010101" ;
minOperations(S);
</script>
|
9
Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)