FTP ( File Transfer Protocol ) is set of rules that computer follows to transfer files across computer network. It is TCP/IP based protocol. FTP lets clients share files. FTP is less secure because of files are shared as plain text without any encryption across the network.
It is possible using python to retrieve list of file and directories from FTP server using its in-built ftplib module. ftplib is a pre-installed python package, which enables us to implement client side FTP protocol and in order to use it we simply have to import it like any other module. Basic approach to extract list or directories remains the same.
Approach
- Import module
- Connect to host on default port
Syntax:
FTP(host=”, user=”, passwd=”, acct=”, timeout=None, source_address=None, *, encoding=’utf-8′)
- Log in to the server using login() function
Syntax:
login(user=’anonymous’, passwd=”, acct=”)
- Retrieve files and directories accordingly.
- Close connection
Method 1: using retrlines()
Files and directories can be listed with retrlines() function. It returns filename, modified time, file size, owner, file type, permissions and Mode.
Syntax:
retrlines(cmd, callback=None)
Passing ‘LIST’ in this function retrieves files and information about those files.
Program:
from ftplib import FTP
ftp = FTP('ftp.us.debian.org')
ftp.login() # changing directory ftp.cwd('debian')
ftp.retrlines('LIST')
ftp.quit() |
Output:
fig: 2
This function could also be user to search for a file or directory. Search query can be entered in between asterisk(*).
Syntax:
ftp.retrlines(‘LIST *query*’)
Program: listing file names starting with “README”.
from ftplib import FTP
ftp = FTP('ftp.us.debian.org')
ftp.login() # changing directory ftp.cwd('debian')
ftp.retrlines('LIST *README*')
ftp.quit() |
Output:
fig: 3
Method 2: Using dir()
Files and directories can be listed with dir(). It returns filename, modified time, file size, owner, file type, permissions and Mode.
Syntax:
ftp.dir()
Program:
from ftplib import FTP
ftp = FTP('ftp.us.debian.org')
ftp.login() # changing directory ftp.cwd('debian')
ftp.dir()
ftp.quit() |
Output:
fig: 4
Method 3: Using nlst()
Files and directories can be listed with nlst(). It returns name of files and directories of list type.
Syntax:
ftp.nlst()
Program:
from ftplib import FTP
ftp = FTP('ftp.us.debian.org')
ftp.login() # changing directory ftp.cwd('debian')
ftp.nlst() ftp.quit() |
Output:
fig: 5