This article aims to find unique characters in a string using JavaScript. This means that a character occurs once in the string then we cannot include it again.
Example:
Input: Geeksforgeeks
Output: Geksforg
Input: Geeksforgeeks is a great site for computer science
Output: Geksforg Iaticmpun
We have a few methods to find unique characters in a string using JavaScript which are described below:
Table of Content
Approach 1: Using Naive Approach
This is a naive approach to finding unique characters from a string. In this approach, we create a variable name uniq and we iterate over the string using the for a loop at every iteration, we check if the uniq contains the character.
Example: This example shows the above-explained approach.
function findUnique(str) {
// The variable that contains the unique values
let uniq = "" ;
for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
// Checking if the uniq contains the character
if (uniq.includes(str[i]) === false ) {
// If the character not present in uniq
// Concatenate the character with uniq
uniq += str[i]
}
}
return uniq;
} console.log(findUnique( "Geeksforgeeks" ))
console.log(findUnique( "Geeksforgeeks Is great" ))
|
Geksforg Geksforg Iat
Approach 2: Using the Set
In this method, we use the set data structure. The set data structure contains only unique values, and we take advantage of it. So to extract the unique values from the string using Set we follow the steps below.
- Using the split() method convert the string into an array.
- Create a Set using new Set() and pass the converted array into it.
- Now convert the set into an array using the spread operator e.g: […set]
- And then join that array to make a string.
Example: This example shows the above-explained approach.
// Javascript program to extract unique //characters from a string function findUnique(str) {
// Split the string to make array
str = str.split( "" )
// Create a set using array
str = new Set(str);
// Convert the set into array using spread
// operator and join it to make string
str = [...str].join( "" );
return str;
} console.log(findUnique( "Geeksforgeeks" ))
console.log(findUnique( "Geeksforgeeks Is a great site" ))
|
Geksforg Geksforg Iati
Approach 3: Using the spread operator
In this approach first, we convert the string into an array using the spread operator e.g. […str] and then we apply the reduce method on that array.
Example: This example shows the above-explained approach.
// Javascript program to extract unique characters from a string function findUnique(str) {
return [...str].reduce((acc, curr) => {
return acc.includes(curr) ? acc : acc + curr;
}, "" )
} console.log(findUnique( "Geeksforgeeks" ))
console.log(findUnique( "Geeksforgeeks Is great" ))
|
Geksforg Geksforg Iat
Approach 4: Using the indexOf() Method
In this approach, we will use a for-loop in order to iterate over the complete string, and then by using the indexOf() method we will check the index of each and every character (using charAt() method) of the string which is either repeated or not repeated and then in an empty string (which we will declare initially) we will store all the unique characters.
Example: This example shows the above-explained approach.
let uniqueCharacters = (stringg) => { let unique_characters = "" ;
for (let i = 0; i < stringg.length; i++) {
if (unique_characters.indexOf(stringg.charAt(i)) < 0) {
unique_characters += stringg.charAt(i);
}
}
return unique_characters;
}; console.log(uniqueCharacters( "Geeksforgeeks" ));
|
Geksforg
Approach 5: Using regex
In this approach, we will use the regex expression for finding the unique element in the string.
Example: In this example, we are using regex.
function uniqueChar(str) {
// Use a regex pattern to match unique characters
let uniqueChars = str.match(/(.)(?!\1)/g);
return uniqueChars;
} let str = "Geeksforgeeks" ;
let newStr = uniqueChar(str); console.log(newStr); |
[ 'G', 'e', 'k', 's', 'f', 'o', 'r', 'g', 'e', 'k', 's' ]
Approach 6: Using _.uniq() Method
The _.uniq method is used to create an array of unique values in order, from all given arrays using SameValueZero for equality comparisons.
Example: In this example, we are using the Lodash _.uniq() method to find the unique character.
// Requiring the lodash library const _ = require( "lodash" );
// Original array let y = "Geeksforgeeks" ;
// Use of _.uniq() // method let gfg = _.uniq(y).join( '' );
// Printing the output console.log(gfg); |
Output:
Geksforg