Given two strings P and Q, the task is to generate a string S satisfying the following conditions:
- Find S such that P is rearranged and Q is a substring in it.
- All the characters before Q in S should be smaller than or equal to the first character in Q and in lexicographic order.
- The rest of the characters should be present after Q in lexicographic order
Note: All characters of Q are always present in P and length of Q is always less than or equal to the length of P.
Examples:
Input : P = “geeksforgeeksfor” Q = “for”
Output : eeeefforggkkorss
Explanation:
The characters ‘e’ and ‘f’ are the only characters here which are less than or equal to ‘f’ (first character of Q).
So, before “for” the string is lexicographically equal to eeeef.
The rest of the characters in P are greater than ‘f’, so they are placed after “for” in lexicographic order.
Thus, after “for”, the string is ggkkorss.
Therefore the output is eeeefforggkkorss.Input : P = “lexicographical” Q = “gap”
Output : accegaphiillorx
Explanation:
The string accegaphiillorx satisfies the above conditions for string P and Q.
Approach: The idea is to find the frequencies of all the characters in P and Q to solve the problem.
- Maintain an array of frequencies of all the alphabets in P and Q.
- After finding the frequencies, segregate the characters in P according to the first character in Q and add them to the resulting string.
- Return the resulting string at the end.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
// C++ program to implement // the above approach #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std;
// Function to generate a string S from string P // and Q according to the given conditions void manipulateStrings(string P, string Q)
{ // Stores the frequencies
int freq[26];
memset (freq, 0, sizeof (freq));
// Counts occurrences of each characters
for ( int i = 0; i < P.size(); i++) {
freq[P[i] - 'a' ]++;
}
// Reduce the count of the character
// which is also present in Q
for ( int i = 0; i < Q.size(); i++) {
freq[Q[i] - 'a' ]--;
}
// Stores the resultant string
string sb = "" ;
// Index in freq[] to segregate the string
int pos = Q[0] - 'a' ;
for ( int i = 0; i <= pos; i++) {
while (freq[i] > 0) {
char c = ( char )( 'a' + i);
sb += c;
freq[i]--;
}
}
// Add Q to the resulting string
sb += Q;
for ( int i = pos + 1; i < 26; i++) {
while (freq[i] > 0) {
char c = ( char )( 'a' + i);
sb += c;
freq[i]--;
}
}
cout << sb << endl;
} // Driver Code int main()
{ string P = "geeksforgeeksfor" ;
string Q = "for" ;
// Function call
manipulateStrings(P, Q);
} // This code is contributed by Amit Katiyar |
// Java Program to implement // the above approach import java.io.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.util.*;
class GFG {
// Function to generate a string S from string P
// and Q according to the given conditions
public static void manipulateStrings(String P, String Q)
{
// Stores the frequencies
int [] freq = new int [ 26 ];
// Counts occurrences of each characters
for ( int i = 0 ; i < P.length(); i++) {
freq[P.charAt(i) - 'a' ]++;
}
// Reduce the count of the character
// which is also present in Q
for ( int i = 0 ; i < Q.length(); i++) {
freq[Q.charAt(i) - 'a' ]--;
}
// Stores the resultant string
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
// Index in freq[] to segregate the string
int pos = Q.charAt( 0 ) - 'a' ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i <= pos; i++) {
while (freq[i] > 0 ) {
char c = ( char )( 'a' + i);
sb.append(c);
freq[i]--;
}
}
// Add Q to the resulting string
sb.append(Q);
for ( int i = pos + 1 ; i < 26 ; i++) {
while (freq[i] > 0 ) {
char c = ( char )( 'a' + i);
sb.append(c);
freq[i]--;
}
}
System.out.println(sb);
}
// Driver Code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String P = "geeksforgeeksfor" ;
String Q = "for" ;
// Function call
manipulateStrings(P, Q);
}
} |
# Python3 program to implement # the above approach # Function to generate a string S # from string P and Q according to # the given conditions def manipulateStrings(P, Q):
# Stores the frequencies
freq = [ 0 for i in range ( 26 )]
# Counts occurrences of each characters
for i in range ( len (P)):
freq[ ord (P[i]) - ord ( 'a' )] + = 1
# Reduce the count of the character
# which is also present in Q
for i in range ( len (Q)):
freq[ ord (Q[i]) - ord ( 'a' )] - = 1
# Stores the resultant string
sb = ""
# Index in freq[] to segregate the string
pos = ord (Q[ 0 ]) - ord ( 'a' )
for i in range (pos + 1 ):
while freq[i] > 0 :
sb + = chr ( ord ( 'a' ) + i)
freq[i] - = 1
# Add Q to the resulting string
sb + = Q
for i in range (pos + 1 , 26 ):
while freq[i] > 0 :
sb + = chr ( ord ( 'a' ) + i)
freq[i] - = 1
print (sb)
# Driver Code if __name__ = = "__main__" :
P = "geeksforgeeksfor"
Q = "for"
# Function call
manipulateStrings(P, Q)
# This code is contributed by rutvik_56 |
// C# Program to implement // the above approach using System;
class GFG {
// Function to generate a string S from string P
// and Q according to the given conditions
public static void manipulateStrings(String P, String Q)
{
// Stores the frequencies
int [] freq = new int [26];
// Counts occurrences of each characters
for ( int i = 0; i < P.Length; i++) {
freq[P[i] - 'a' ]++;
}
// Reduce the count of the character
// which is also present in Q
for ( int i = 0; i < Q.Length; i++) {
freq[Q[i] - 'a' ]--;
}
// Stores the resultant string
String sb = "" ;
// Index in []freq to segregate the string
int pos = Q[0] - 'a' ;
for ( int i = 0; i <= pos; i++) {
while (freq[i] > 0) {
char c = ( char )( 'a' + i);
sb += c;
freq[i]--;
}
}
// Add Q to the resulting string
sb += Q;
for ( int i = pos + 1; i < 26; i++) {
while (freq[i] > 0) {
char c = ( char )( 'a' + i);
sb += c;
freq[i]--;
}
}
Console.WriteLine(sb);
}
// Driver Code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
String P = "geeksforgeeksfor" ;
String Q = "for" ;
// Function call
manipulateStrings(P, Q);
}
} // This code is contributed by Rohit_ranjan |
<script> // JavaScript Program to implement
// the above approach
// Function to generate a string S from string P
// and Q according to the given conditions
function manipulateStrings(P, Q) {
// Stores the frequencies
var freq = new Array(26).fill(0);
// Counts occurrences of each characters
for ( var i = 0; i < P.length; i++) {
freq[P[i].charCodeAt(0) - "a" .charCodeAt(0)]++;
}
// Reduce the count of the character
// which is also present in Q
for ( var i = 0; i < Q.length; i++) {
freq[Q[i].charCodeAt(0) - "a" .charCodeAt(0)]--;
}
// Stores the resultant string
var sb = "" ;
// Index in []freq to segregate the string
var pos = Q[0].charCodeAt(0) - "a" .charCodeAt(0);
for ( var i = 0; i <= pos; i++) {
while (freq[i] > 0) {
var c = String.fromCharCode( "a" .charCodeAt(0) + i);
sb += c;
freq[i]--;
}
}
// Add Q to the resulting string
sb += Q;
for ( var i = pos + 1; i < 26; i++) {
while (freq[i] > 0) {
var c = String.fromCharCode( "a" .charCodeAt(0) + i);
sb += c;
freq[i]--;
}
}
document.write(sb);
}
// Driver Code
var P = "geeksforgeeksfor" ;
var Q = "for" ;
// Function call
manipulateStrings(P, Q);
</script> |
eeeefforggkkorss
Time Complexity: O(N+M) where N and M are the respective lengths of P and Q.
Auxiliary Space: O(N), using extra space for string sb.