Class 12 Geography Notes: Geography Class 12 Notes is a crucial subject in the Social Science curriculum that requires students to have a thorough understanding of Human Geography, Field and Sub-fields of Human Geography. The subject demands a strong foundation in conceptual knowledge and an ability to analyze and interpret geographical data. These notes provide a comprehensive summary of the key topics, aiding students in better comprehension of the subject matter.
Our Geography Notes Class 12 serves as a valuable resource to enhance your problem-solving skills and prepare for your Social Science Class 12 exams. By utilizing our detailed notes, you can develop a strong foundation in Geography and improve your problem-solving skills.
Fields and Sub-Fields of Human Geography
Human geography tries to understand how people interact with the world around them. It looks at things like where people live, why they live there, and how they use the space. Because it covers a lot of different topics, it works closely with other subjects like sociology and anthropology to study human life on Earth. As we learn more, new areas of study within human geography pop up, showing how our understanding of people and places keeps growing.
Broad Stages and Thrust of Human Geography
|
Broad Stages |
Period |
Approaches |
|---|---|---|
|
Exploring and describing new areas fueled by imperial and trade interests. |
Early Colonial Period |
Exploration and description |
|
Analyzing regions comprehensively to understand them as parts of a larger whole. |
Later Colonial Period |
Regional analysis |
|
Identifying unique characteristics of regions and exploring their differences. |
1930s to Inter-War Period |
Areal differentiation |
|
Organizing space and applying quantitative methods to study human activities. |
Late 1950s to Late 1960s |
Spatial organisation |
|
Introducing humanistic, radical, and behavioral approaches to human geography. |
1970s |
Emergence of humanistic, radical and behavioural schools |
|
Embracing post-modernism, which questions broad theories and focuses on local contexts. |
1990s |
Post-modernism in geography |
Human Geography and Sister Disciplines of Social Sciences
|
Fields or Sub-fields of Human Geography |
Interface with Sister Disciplines of Social Sciences |
|---|---|
|
Social Geography |
Sociology |
|
Behavioral Geography |
Psychology |
|
Geography of Social Welfare |
Economics |
|
Geography of Leisure |
Sociology |
|
Cultural Geography |
Anthropology |
|
Gender Geography |
Sociology, Anthropology, Women’s Studies |
|
Historical Geography |
History |
|
Medical Geography |
Epidemiology |
|
Urban Geography |
Urban Studies and Planning |
|
Political Geography |
Political Science |
|
Electoral Geography |
Psephology |
|
Military Geography |
Military Science |
|
Population Geography |
Demography |
|
Settlement Geography |
Urban/Rural Planning |
Fields and Sub-Fields of Human Geography- FAQs
What is human geography?
Human geography is a branch of geography that focuses on understanding the relationship between human activities, behaviors, and the environment they inhabit.
What are the main fields of human geography?
The main fields of human geography include cultural geography, economic geography, political geography, urban geography, population geography, social geography, environmental geography, health geography, tourism geography, and development geography.
What is cultural geography?
Cultural geography studies the distribution, characteristics, and dynamics of human cultures, including language, religion, customs, traditions, and values.
What is economic geography?
Economic geography examines the spatial patterns and processes of economic activities, such as production, distribution, consumption, and the organization of economic systems.
What is political geography?
Political geography focuses on the spatial dimensions of political phenomena, including the distribution of political power, territorial boundaries, geopolitical conflicts, and the impact of political processes on spatial structures.
What is urban geography?
Urban geography investigates the spatial organization, structure, and dynamics of urban areas, including urbanization processes, land use patterns, urban development, and social inequalities within cities.
What is population geography?
Population geography analyzes the spatial distribution, composition, migration patterns, and demographic dynamics of human populations, as well as the factors influencing population growth and decline.