Velocity and acceleration are the two important terms that are related to physics. Velocity refers to the speed of an object in a particular direction whereas acceleration refers to the rate of change of velocity. Velocity and acceleration are both vector quantities as they have magnitude and direction, however, they have several differences.
In this article, we will learn about the velocity, acceleration, and the key differences between them.
What is Velocity?
Velocity is the rate of change of displacement of a body. It is used to determine the speed of an object in a particular direction. Velocity can be positive, negative or may be zero. Mathematically, it can derive as:
Velocity(v) = displacement(d)/time(t)
OR
V = d/t
- Velocity is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction.
- SI unit of velocity is meter/second
Applications of Velocity
- Velocity provides the concept of an object’s motion, including both speed and direction.
- It provides the calculation of displacement.
- Velocity is very important in studying the laws of motion and understanding concepts like inertia and momentum.
- Velocity plays a very crucial role in various engineering disciplines such as aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering, for designing and optimizing motion systems.
What is Acceleration?
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of a body. Acceleration can be positive or negative. But it can never be zero. Mathematically, acceleration can be derived as:
Acceleration = change of velocity/time
OR
a = Δv/t
- Acceleration is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction.
- SI unit of acceleration is meter/second2.
Applications of Acceleration
- Acceleration helps to determine the velocity changes over time.
- Acceleration is a basic concept in classical mechanics, forming the basis for Newton’s laws of motion.
- Acceleration is important in studying the motion of vehicles, it will help to design safer and more efficient transportation systems.
- In the fields of robotics and automation, acceleration plays a crucial role.
Differences between Velocity and Acceleration
The basic difference between velocity and acceleration is illustrated below:
|
Aspects |
Velocity |
Acceleration |
|---|---|---|
|
Definition |
It is defined as the rate of change of displacement of a body |
It is defined as the rate of change of velocity of a body. |
|
Formula |
Velocity = Displacement/Time (d/t) |
Acceleration = Change in velocity/Time (v/t) |
|
Calculated With |
Displacement |
velocity |
|
Unit of Measurement |
meter/second (m/s) |
meter/second2 (m/s2) |
|
Value |
Velocity can be positive, negative or zero. |
Acceleration can be positive or negative. It can not be zero. |
|
Uniform Motion |
Uniform velocity implies steady speed in a straight line. |
Uniform acceleration refers to constant change in velocity |
|
Circular Motion |
The magnitude of velocity remains constant in circular motion. |
Acceleration changes due to the continuous change in direction. |
|
Instantaneous vs. Average |
Instantaneous velocity means an object’s velocity at a certain moment while the average velocity refers to overall displacement over a certain time interval. |
Instantaneous acceleration means the object’s acceleration at a certain time while the average acceleration means overall change in velocity over a specific time span. |
|
Example |
A bike moving at 50 km/h to the north. |
A bike accelerating from 0 to 120 km/h in 20 seconds. |
|
Negative Values |
Velocity can be negative. Negative velocity represents motion in the opposite direction. |
Acceleration can also be negative. Negative acceleration represents deceleration or slowing down. |
|
Graphical Representation |
It is determined by the slope of displacement-time graph. |
It is determined by the slope of velocity – time graph. |
|
Area Under the Curve |
The area under the velocity-time curve signifies displacement. |
The area under the acceleration-time graph (curve) identifies the change in velocity. |
|
Importance |
It is very crucial to understand the speed and the direction of an object. |
Acceleration is important to study the change in speed/velocity of an object. |
|
Relation |
Velocity is the integral of acceleration with respect to time. |
Acceleration is the derivative of change in velocity with respect to time. |
|
Human Perception |
We often relate the velocity with speed. |
Acceleration is related to the speed ups or slow downs. |
Similarities between Velocity and Acceleration
Apart from the several differences between velocity and acceleration, the have many similarities. These similarities between between them are as follows:
- Both the velocity and acceleration are the vector quantities. They have magnitude as well as direction.
- Both the velocity and acceleration are related to each other through differentiation.
- Velocity and acceleration can be positive or negative.
- Both the concepts are included in kinematics which studies the motion of objects.
Also Check,
- Difference between Instantaneous and Average Velocity
- Speed Vs Velocity
- Distance and Displacement
- Average Velocity
Conclusion
Both the velocity and acceleration are the fundamental concepts in physics. In summary, the above differences lies in their meanings, formulas, units, measurements and many more points. We also discussed the similarities between velocity and acceleration in this article.
FAQs on Differences between Velocity and Acceleration
Are velocity and acceleration vector or scalar quantities?
Velocity and acceleration both physical quantities have magnitude and direction, so they are vector quantities.
Are velocity and acceleration dependent of each other?
Yes, they are dependent of each other. Velocity is the integral of acceleration over time and the acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
What is the SI unit of velocity?
The SI unit of velocity is meter/second and the CGS unit of velocity is cm/second.
What is the SI unit of acceleration?
The SI unit of acceleration is meter/second2..
What is the difference between acceleration and speed?
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity of a body while the speed is the distance covered in a unit time.
What is the difference between average velocity and acceleration?
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity of a body while the average velocity is the total distance/total time. Unit of average velocity is meter/second and the unit of acceleration is meter/second2.
What is difference between speed and velocity?
Velocity is the the rate of change of displacement of a body in a direction while the speed is the distance covered in unit time. Velocity is the vector quantity while speed is the scalar quantity.