Difference between HashMap and ConcurrentHashMap

HashMap is the Class which is under Traditional Collection and ConcurrentHashMap is a Class which is under Concurrent Collections, apart from this there are various differences between them which are:

• HashMap is non-Synchronized in nature i.e. HashMap is not Thread-safe whereas ConcurrentHashMap is Thread-safe in nature.
• HashMap performance is relatively high because it is non-synchronized in nature and any number of threads can perform simultaneously. But ConcurrentHashMap performance is low sometimes because sometimes Threads are required to wait on ConcurrentHashMap.
• While one thread is Iterating the HashMap object, if other thread try to add/modify the contents of Object then we will get Run-time exception saying ConcurrentModificationException.Whereas In ConcurrentHashMap we wont get any exception while performing any modification at the time of Iteration.

Using HashMap

// Java program to illustrate
// HashMap drawbacks
import java.util.HashMap;

class HashMapDemo extends Thread
{
    static HashMap<Integer,String> l=new HashMap<Integer,String>();

    public void run()
    {


        try
        {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            // Child thread trying to add
            // new element in the object
            l.put(103,"D");
        }
        catch(InterruptedException e)
        {
            System.out.println("Child Thread going to add element");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
    {
        l.put(100,"A");
        l.put(101,"B");
        l.put(102,"C");
        HashMapDemo t=new HashMapDemo();
        t.start();

        for (Object o : l.entrySet())
        {
            Object s=o;
            System.out.println(s);
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        }
        System.out.println(l);
    }
}

Output:

100=A
Exception in thread "main" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException

Using ConcurrentHashMap

// Java program to illustrate
// HashMap drawbacks
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

class HashMapDemo extends Thread
{
    static ConcurrentHashMap<Integer,String> l =
                       new ConcurrentHashMap<Integer,String>();

    public void run()
    {

        // Child add new element in the object
        l.put(103,"D");

        try
        {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        }
        catch(InterruptedException e)
        {
            System.out.println("Child Thread going to add element");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
    {
        l.put(100,"A");
        l.put(101,"B");
        l.put(102,"C");
        HashMapDemo t=new HashMapDemo();
        t.start();

        for (Object o : l.entrySet())
        {
            Object s=o;
            System.out.println(s);
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        }
        System.out.println(l);
    }
}

Output:

100=A
101=B
102=C
103=D
{100=A, 101=B, 102=C, 103=D}

In HashMap, null values are allowed for key and values, whereas in ConcurrentHashMap null value is not allowed for key and value, otherwise we will get Run-time exception saying NullPointerException.

Using HashMap

//Java Program to illustrate ConcurrentHashMap behaviour
import java.util.*;
class ConcurrentHashMapDemo
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        HashMap m=new HashMap();
        m.put(100,"Hello");
        m.put(101,"Geeks");
        m.put(102,"Geeks");
        m.put(null,"World");
        System.out.println(m);
    }
}

output:

{null=World, 100=Hello, 101=Geeks, 102=Geeks}

Using ConcurrentHashMap

//Java Program to illustrate HashMap behaviour
import java.util.concurrent.*;
class ConcurrentHashMapDemo
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        ConcurrentHashMap m=new ConcurrentHashMap();
        m.put(100,"Hello");
        m.put(101,"Geeks");
        m.put(102,"Geeks");
        m.put(null,"World");
        System.out.println(m);
    }
}

Output:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException

HashMap is introduced in JDK 1.2 whereas ConcurrentHashMap is introduced by SUN Microsystem in JDK 1.5.