Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
What is Intrinsic Motivation?
Motivation is the process of stimulating and encouraging others at work to achieve predetermined goals. It is an internal psychological force that drives and forces the person to act in the desired way. There are two main categories of motivation: Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation.
Intrinsic motivation is a type of motivation that arises from a person’s internal needs and satisfaction with a task. For instance, a person may enjoy a particular activity personally or have a strong desire to acquire a skill. The following are some instances of intrinsic motivation:
- Reading a novel just for the enjoyment of the story.
- Exercising as a means of reducing stress.
- Cleaning the house makes someone feel more organized.
What is Extrinsic Motivation?
Extrinsic motivation refers to a type of motivation that comes from external factors, usually ones that are financial in nature. For instance, an employee learns new skills in order to earn a promotion or to win praise. The following are some instances of extrinsic motivation:
- Getting ready for an exam by reading a book.
- Working out to reduce weight.
- Cleaning your house to prepare for guests.
Difference between the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
|
Basis |
Intrinsic Motivation |
Extrinsic Motivation |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning |
Intrinsic motivation is a type of motivation that arises from a person’s internal needs and satisfaction with a task. |
Extrinsic motivation refers to a type of motivation that comes from external factors, usually ones that are financial in nature. |
| Focus | The main focus is on the action. | The main focus is on the outcome. |
| Area of Control |
The area of control is internal to the person. |
The area of control is external to the person |
| Basic psychological needs |
Basic psychological needs are satisfied. |
Basic psychological needs are not satisfied. |
| Emotions Experienced | Pleasant feeling (joy, relaxation, and freedom) is experienced. | Pressure and tension feeling (they have no direct control over societal acceptance) are experienced. |
| Emphasis |
It is action-oriented. |
It is outcome-oriented. |
| Purpose |
The main purpose is to identify one’s potential while also improving, fulfilling, and grooming oneself. |
The main purpose is to obtain a reward or avoid a negative outcome. |
| Driven |
It is driven by own desires and ambitions. |
It is driven by external sources or other individuals. |
| Tangible/Intangible |
Intrinsic motivation can be intangible. For instance, pride. |
Extrinsic motivation can be both tangible and intangible. For instance, money and pride. |
| Involves |
It involves working on the project with joy. |
It involves valuing prizes and recognition for a job well done. |