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Design Spotify Premium | System Design

In today's digital world, the demand for premium music streaming services like Spotify is at an all-time high. Understanding the System Design behind Spotify Premium is crucial for software engineers seeking to build robust, scalable, and reliable music streaming platforms. This article explores the architecture of Spotify Premium, offering insights into creating a cutting-edge system capable of delivering high-quality audio content seamlessly while ensuring scalability, durability, and optimal user experience.

spotify-banner-new

Important Topics for Spotify Premium System Design

1. Requirements Gathering for Spotify Premium System Design

1.1. Functional Requirements for Spotify Premium System Design

1.2. Non-Functional Requirements for Spotify Premium System Design

2. Capacity Estimation for Spotify Premium System Design

3. Use Case diagram for Spotify Premium System Design

Below Use Case Diagram Describe the use cases of User and Database System:

use-case-diagram-spotiffy-premium

4. High-Level Design for Spotify Premium System Design

HLD-spotify-Premium

4.1. Components of High Level Design:

4.2. Design Considerations:

5. Low-Level Design for Spotify Premium System Design

LLD-spotify-premium

1. Java

Serving as the primary development language, Java is instrumental in crafting Spotify's intricate codebase, offering advantages like comprehensive tooling, robust frameworks, and object-oriented paradigms.

2. NGINX

Acting as an elastic load balancer, API gateway, and service client, NGINX optimizes server operations, enhancing speed, security, and load management. Its open-source nature allows for extensive customization without licensing concerns.

3. Hystrix

This Java-based circuit breaker library bolsters fault tolerance within Spotify's microservices architecture, minimizing failures and enhancing reliability.

4. PostgreSQL

Serving as the SQL database for storing critical user billing and subscription data, PostgreSQL provides a robust, open-source RDBMS solution.

5. Bootstrap

Utilized as the CSS framework for frontend webpage development, Bootstrap streamlines UI design with pre-styled components, ensuring a sleek and responsive user interface.

6. Amazon S3

Facilitating static file storage for licensed Spotify songs, Amazon S3 offers high availability and fault tolerance, essential for housing vast music libraries.

7. Amazon CloudFront

As a CDN provider, CloudFront complements S3, ensuring global accessibility of stored content by efficiently distributing it across multiple regions.

8. Kafka

Powering the event-driven streaming pipeline, Kafka facilitates rapid microservice routing with its high throughput and Java SDK support.

9. Cassandra

Employed as the distributed NoSQL database, Cassandra efficiently manages user data with its scalability and fault-tolerant architecture.

10. Hadoop

Utilized for distributed file storage and batch computing of historical data, Hadoop enables Spotify to analyze large datasets effectively.

11. Google BigQuery

This cloud-based data warehouse empowers Spotify with advanced analytics capabilities, aiding in data-driven decision-making and trend identification.

12. Apache Storm

Offering distributed real-time computation, Storm complements Hadoop by providing optimized analytics for search and recommendation engine results.

13. Google Cloud Bigtable

Serving as a highly available NoSQL database, Bigtable stores essential metadata, seamlessly integrating with BigQuery for enhanced analytics capabilities.

Flow of the Design:

Below is the overview flow of the Low-Level Design of Spotify Premium:

6. Database Design for Spotify Premium System Design

Creating a database model for a Spotify-like platform, covering important features like user management, playlist creation, artist following, track liking, premium features, and payment systems.

Database-design-spotify-premium-copy

6.1. User Information

Here we store important details like user names, emails, passwords, birth dates, and profile pictures. We'll also include a feature to identify whether users are regular or premium members. 

CREATE TABLE Users (
  User_ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
  Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
  Email VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
  Password VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  Date_of_Birth DATE,
  Profile_Image Blob,
  User_Type VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'regular'
);

6.2. Premium User Features

There are special features for premium users, like ad-free listening. These features will be stored in a table, and we'll use another table to connect users with their chosen premium features.

CREATE TABLE Premium_Feature (
  Premium_Feature_ID INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE User_Premium_Feature (
  User_ID INT,
  Premium_Feature_ID INT,
  PRIMARY KEY (User_ID, Premium_Feature_ID),
  FOREIGN KEY (User_ID) REFERENCES Users(User_ID),
  FOREIGN KEY (Premium_Feature_ID) REFERENCES Premium_Feature(Premium_Feature_ID)
);

6.3. Payment Integration

To handle payments, we'll set up tables to store payment details and subscription plans. Another table will link users with their chosen subscription plans.

CREATE TABLE Payment (
  Payment_ID INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  User_ID INT NOT NULL,
  Payment_Method VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
  Payment_Date DATE NOT NULL,
  Amount DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL,
  FOREIGN KEY (User_ID) REFERENCES Users(User_ID)
);

CREATE TABLE Subscription_Plan (
  Subscription_Plan_ID INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
  Price DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL,
  Description VARCHAR(500) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE User_Subscription_Plan (
  User_ID INT,
  Subscription_Plan_ID INT,
  Start_Date DATE NOT NULL,
  End_Date DATE NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (User_ID, Subscription_Plan_ID),
  FOREIGN KEY (User_ID) REFERENCES Users(User_ID),
  FOREIGN KEY (Subscription_Plan_ID) REFERENCES Subscription_Plan(Subscription_Plan_ID)
);

6.4. Artists Table

This table keeps track of artists' basic details like their names, genres, and images. It helps organize and display information about various artists on the platform.

CREATE TABLE Artists (
  Artist_ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
  Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
  Genre VARCHAR(50),
  Image_URL VARCHAR(255) 
);

6.5. Albums Table

In this table, we store information about albums, such as their names, release dates, and cover images. It helps users find and explore different albums easily.

CREATE TABLE Albums (
  Album_ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
  Artist_ID INT,
  Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
  Release_Date DATE,
  Image VARCHAR(255),
  FOREIGN KEY (Artist_ID) REFERENCES Artists(Artist_ID)
);

6.6. Tracks Table

Tracks Table stores details about individual songs, including their names, durations, and file locations. It's essential for playing music and organizing songs within albums.

CREATE TABLE Tracks (
  Track_ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
  Album_ID INT,
  Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
  Duration INT NOT NULL,
  Path VARCHAR(255),
  FOREIGN KEY (Album_ID) REFERENCES Albums(Album_ID)
);

6.7. Playlists Table

This table helps users create and manage playlists by storing their names and associated user IDs. It's where users organize their favorite songs into custom collections. 

CREATE TABLE Playlists (
  Playlist_ID INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
  User_ID INT,
  Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
  Image Blob,
  FOREIGN KEY (User_ID) REFERENCES Users(User_ID)
);

6.8. Playlist_Tracks Table

Playlist_Tracks Table connects playlists with tracks, allowing users to add songs to their playlists. It keeps track of the order of songs within each playlist.

CREATE TABLE Playlist_Tracks (
  Playlist_ID INT,
  Track_ID INT,
  `Order` INT,
  PRIMARY KEY (Playlist_ID, Track_ID),
  FOREIGN KEY (Playlist_ID) REFERENCES Playlists(Playlist_ID),
  FOREIGN KEY (Track_ID) REFERENCES Tracks(Track_ID)
);

6.9. Followers Table

This table manages the relationship between users and artists, showing which artists a user follows. It helps users stay updated with their favorite artists' latest releases.

CREATE TABLE Followers (
  User_ID INT,
  Artist_ID INT,
  PRIMARY KEY (User_ID, Artist_ID),
  FOREIGN KEY (User_ID) REFERENCES Users(User_ID),
  FOREIGN KEY (Artist_ID) REFERENCES Artists(Artist_ID)
);

6.10. Likes Table

Likes Table keeps track of which songs users have liked, helping personalize their music recommendations. It's useful for understanding user preferences and improving recommendations.

CREATE TABLE Likes (
  User_ID INT,
  Track_ID INT,
  Like_Date_Time DATETIME,
  PRIMARY KEY (User_ID, Track_ID),
  FOREIGN KEY (User_ID) REFERENCES Users(User_ID),
  FOREIGN KEY (Track_ID) REFERENCES Tracks(Track_ID)
);

7. Microservices used for System Design for Spotify Premium

microservices-spotify

1. Publishing

In the publishing stage, content creators upload their content. This content is stored in both a raw media server and a metadata database. The upload process is facilitated by a service deployed within a containerized environment and auto-scaling group, ensuring scalability.

2. Distribution

Once content is published, it undergoes distribution. The files stored in the raw media server are processed by a media server, which handles tasks like protocol conversion and bitrate optimization. Post-processing, the files are transferred to a content delivery network (CDN), strategically located globally to reduce latency for users.

3. Search and Play

During the search and play phase, clients connect to the system to search for and listen to music. Clients, ranging from smartphones to smart TVs, connect to load balancers, which distribute requests to an auto-scaling group. This group comprises containers running various microservices like search, view, account, add to playlist, and payment services.

4. Amazon Infrastructure

To implement this architecture, Amazon S3 is utilized for storing raw and transcoded files, with Elastic Transcoder for media processing and CloudFront for CDN distribution.

8. API used in Spotify Premium System Design

9. Scalability for Spotify Premium System Design

Assuming Spotify grows to 50 million users and 200 million songs, we need to make sure our system can handle all that data. For this, we have to think about how we store and manage information.




Article Tags :
Dev Scripter
System Design
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