CSES Solutions – Static Range Sum Queries

Given an array arr[] of N integers, your task is to process Q queries of the form: what is the sum of values in range [a,b]?

Examples

Input: arr[] = {1, 3, 4, 8, 6, 1, 4, 2}, Queries: {{2, 5}, {1, 3}}
Output: 21 8
Explanation:

Query 1: Sum of elements from index 2 to 5 = 3 + 4 + 8 + 6 = 21
Query 2: Sum of elements from index 1 to 3 = 1 + 3 + 4 = 8
Input: arr[] = {3, 2, 4, 5, 1, 1, 5, 3} Queries: {{2, 4}, {5, 6}, {1, 8}, {3, 3}}
Output: 11 2 24 4
Explanation:

Query 1: Sum of elements from position 2 to 4 = 2 + 4 + 5 = 11
Query 2: Sum of elements from position 5 to 6 = 1 + 1 = 2
Query 3: Sum of elements from position 1 to 8 = 3 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 5 + 3 = 24
Query 4: Sum of elements from position 3 to 3 = 4

Algorithm: To solve the problem, follow the below idea:

We can solve this problem using Prefix Sum approach.

Pre-processing: Compute prefix sums for the array.
Query Processing: Find the sum of the elements between the range l and r , i.e. prefixSum[r] - prefixSum[l-1].

Step-by-step algorithm:

Create a prefix sum array prefixSum of the size n+1, where n is the size of input array.
Initialize prefixSum[0] to 0 and compute prefixSum[i] = prefixSum[i-1] + array[i-1] for i from 1 to n.
To answer a query [l, r] return prefixSum[r+1] - prefixSum[l].

Below is the implementation of the algorithm:

C++

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define ll long long
using namespace std;

// function to solve all the static range queries
vector<ll> solve(vector<ll>& arr,
                 vector<vector<ll> >& queries, ll n, ll q)
{
    // Creating a prefix Sum Array
    vector<ll> prefixSum(n + 1, 0);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
        prefixSum[i] = prefixSum[i - 1] + arr[i - 1];
    }

    // Creating Result array to store the result of each
    // query
    vector<ll> result;
    for (auto& query : queries) {
        ll l = query[0], r = query[1];
        ll sum = prefixSum[r] - prefixSum[l - 1];
        result.push_back(sum);
    }
    return result;
}

int main()
{
    // Sample Input
    ll n = 8, q = 4;
    vector<ll> arr = { 3, 2, 4, 5, 1, 1, 5, 3 };
    vector<vector<ll> > queries
        = { { 2, 4 }, { 5, 6 }, { 1, 8 }, { 3, 3 } };
  
    // Function Call
    vector<ll> result = solve(arr, queries, n, q);
    for (ll sum : result) {
        cout << sum << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    return 0;
}

Java

import java.util.*;

public class Main {
    // Function to solve all the static range queries
    public static List<Long> solve(List<Long> arr, List<List<Long>> queries, int n, int q) {
        // Creating a prefix Sum Array
        List<Long> prefixSum = new ArrayList<>(Collections.nCopies(n + 1, 0L));
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
            prefixSum.set(i, prefixSum.get(i - 1) + arr.get(i - 1));
        }

        // Creating Result array to store the result of each query
        List<Long> result = new ArrayList<>();
        for (List<Long> query : queries) {
            long l = query.get(0), r = query.get(1);
            long sum = prefixSum.get((int)r) - prefixSum.get((int)l - 1);
            result.add(sum);
        }
        return result;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Sample Input
        int n = 8, q = 4;
        List<Long> arr = Arrays.asList(3L, 2L, 4L, 5L, 1L, 1L, 5L, 3L);
        List<List<Long>> queries = Arrays.asList(
            Arrays.asList(2L, 4L),
            Arrays.asList(5L, 6L),
            Arrays.asList(1L, 8L),
            Arrays.asList(3L, 3L)
        );

        // Function Call
        List<Long> result = solve(arr, queries, n, q);
        for (Long sum : result) {
            System.out.print(sum + " ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}

Python3

# function to solve all the static range queries
def solve(arr, queries):
    # Creating a prefix Sum Array
    prefix_sum = [0] * (len(arr) + 1)
    for i in range(1, len(arr) + 1):
        prefix_sum[i] = prefix_sum[i - 1] + arr[i - 1]

    # Creating Result array to store the result of each query
    result = []
    for query in queries:
        l, r = query[0], query[1]
        # Calculating sum for the current query range
        sum_val = prefix_sum[r] - prefix_sum[l - 1]
        result.append(sum_val)
    return result

# Sample Input
arr = [3, 2, 4, 5, 1, 1, 5, 3]
queries = [[2, 4], [5, 6], [1, 8], [3, 3]]

# Function Call
result = solve(arr, queries)
for sum_val in result:
    print(sum_val, end=" ")
print()

JavaScript

function GFG(arr, queries) {
    // Creating a prefix Sum Array
    let prefixSum = new Array(arr.length + 1).fill(0);
    for (let i = 1; i <= arr.length; i++) {
        prefixSum[i] = prefixSum[i - 1] + arr[i - 1];
    }
    // Creating Result array to store the result of the each query
    let result = [];
    for (let query of queries) {
        let l = query[0], r = query[1];
        // Calculating sum for current query range
        let sumVal = prefixSum[r] - prefixSum[l - 1];
        result.push(sumVal);
    }
    return result;
}
// Sample Input
let arr = [3, 2, 4, 5, 1, 1, 5, 3];
let queries = [[2, 4], [5, 6], [1, 8], [3, 3]];
// Function Call
let result = GFG(arr, queries);
console.log(result.join(" "));