Prerequisite: Creating a Proxy Webserver in Python – Set1
In this tutorial, a few interesting features are added to make it more useful.
- Add blacklisting of domains. For Ex. google.com, facebook.com. Create a list of BLACKLIST_DOMAINS in our configuration dict. For now, just ignore/drop the requests received for blacklisted domains. (Ideally, we must respond with a forbidden response.)
# Check if the host:port is blacklisted
for i in range(0, len(config['BLACKLIST_DOMAINS'])):
if config['BLACKLIST_DOMAINS'][i] in url:
conn.close()
return- To add host blocking: Say, you may need to allow connections from a particular subnet or connection for a particular person. To add this, create a list of all the allowed hosts. Since the hosts can be a subnet as well, add regex for matching the IP addresses, specifically IPV4 addresses. “ IPv4 addresses are canonically represented in dot-decimal notation, which consists of four decimal numbers, each ranging from 0 to 255, separated by dots, e.g., 172.16.254.1. Each part represents a group of 8 bits (octet) of the address.”
-
Using regex to match correct IP addresses:
- Create a new method, _ishostAllowed in Server class, and use the fnmatch module to match regexes. Iterate through all the regexes and allow request if it matches any of them. If a client address is not found to be a part of any regex, then send a FORBIDDEN response. Again, for now, skip this response creation part.
Note: We would be creating a full-fledged custom webserver in upcoming tutorials, their creation of a createResponse function will be done to handle the generic response creation.
def _ishostAllowed(self, host):
""" Check if host is allowed to access
the content """
for wildcard in config['HOST_ALLOWED']:
if fnmatch.fnmatch(host, wildcard):
return True
return FalseDefault host match regex would be ‘*’ to match all the hosts. Though, regex of the form ‘192.168.*’ can also be used. The server currently processes requests but does not show any messages, so we are not aware of the state of the server. Its messages should be logged onto the console. For this purpose, use the logging module as it is thread-safe. (server is multi-threaded if you remember.)
Import module and setup its initial configuration.
logging.basicConfig(level = logging.DEBUG, format = '[%(CurrentTime)-10s] (%(ThreadName)-10s) %(message)s',)
-
Create a separate method that logs every message: Pass it as an argument, with additional data such as thread-name and current-time to keep track of the logs. Also, create a function that colorizes the logs so that they look pretty on STDOUT.
To achieve this, add a boolean in configuration, COLORED_LOGGING, and create a new function that colorizes every msg passed to it based on the LOG_LEVEL.
def log(self, log_level, client, msg):
""" Log the messages to appropriate place """
LoggerDict = {
'CurrentTime' : strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %X", localtime()),
'ThreadName' : threading.currentThread().getName()
}
if client == -1: # Main Thread
formatedMSG = msg
else: # Child threads or Request Threads
formatedMSG = '{0}:{1} {2}'.format(client[0], client[1], msg)
logging.debug('%s', utils.colorizeLog(config['COLORED_LOGGING'],
log_level, formatedMSG), extra=LoggerDict)- Create a new module, ColorizePython.py: It contains a pycolors class that maintains a list of color codes. Separate this into another module in order to make code modular and to follow PEP8 standards.
# ColorizePython.py class pycolors: HEADER = '\033[95m' OKBLUE = '\033[94m' OKGREEN = '\033[92m' WARNING = '\033[93m' FAIL = '\033[91m' ENDC = '\033[0m' # End color BOLD = '\033[1m' UNDERLINE = '\033[4m'
Module:
import ColorizePython
Method:
def colorizeLog(shouldColorize, log_level, msg):
## Higher is the log_level in the log()
## argument, the lower is its priority.
colorize_log = {
"NORMAL": ColorizePython.pycolors.ENDC,
"WARNING": ColorizePython.pycolors.WARNING,
"SUCCESS": ColorizePython.pycolors.OKGREEN,
"FAIL": ColorizePython.pycolors.FAIL,
"RESET": ColorizePython.pycolors.ENDC
}
if shouldColorize.lower() == "true":
if log_level in colorize_log:
return colorize_log[str(log_level)] + msg + colorize_log['RESET']
return colorize_log["NORMAL"] + msg + colorize_log["RESET"]
return msg - Since the colorizeLog is not a function of a server-class, it is created as a separate module named utils.py which stores all the utility that makes code easier to understand and put this method there. Add appropriate log messages wherever required, especially whenever the state of the server changes.
- Modify the shutdown method in the server to exit all the running threads before exiting the application. threading.enumerate() iterates over all the running threads, so we do not need to maintain a list of them. The behavior of the threading module is unexpected when we try to end the main_thread. The official documentation also states this:
“join() raises a RuntimeError if an attempt is made to join the current thread as that would cause a deadlock. It is also an error to join() a thread before it has been started and attempts to do so raises the same exception.”
So, skip it appropriately. Here’s the code for the same.
def shutdown(self, signum, frame):
""" Handle the exiting server. Clean all traces """
self.log("WARNING", -1, 'Shutting down gracefully...')
main_thread = threading.currentThread() # Wait for all clients to exit
for t in threading.enumerate():
if t is main_thread:
continue
self.log("FAIL", -1, 'joining ' + t.getName())
t.join()
self.serverSocket.close()
sys.exit(0)If you have any comments/suggestions/queries then feel free to ask. 🙂
About the Author:
Pinkesh Badjatiya hails from IIIT Hyderabad. He is a geek at heart with ample projects worth looking for. His project work can be seen here.
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