Arithmetic Operators in C++ are used to perform arithmetic or mathematical operations on the operands. For example, ‘+’ is used for addition, ‘–‘ is used for subtraction, ‘*’ is used for multiplication, etc. In simple terms, arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on variables and data; they follow the same relationship between an operator and an operand.
C++ Arithmetic operators are of 2 types:
- Unary Arithmetic Operator
- Binary Arithmetic Operator
1. Binary Arithmetic Operator
These operators operate or work with two operands. C++ provides 5 Binary Arithmetic Operators for performing arithmetic functions:
Operator |
Name of the Operators |
Operation |
Implementation |
---|---|---|---|
+ |
Addition |
Used in calculating the Addition of two operands |
x+y |
– |
Subtraction |
Used in calculating Subtraction of two operands |
x-y |
* |
Multiplication |
Used in calculating Multiplication of two operands |
x*y |
/ |
Division |
Used in calculating Division of two operands |
x/y |
% |
Modulus |
Used in calculating Remainder after calculation of two operands |
x%y |
Example:
// C++ program to execute all 5 // arithmetic function #include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main()
{ int GFG1, GFG2;
GFG1 = 10;
GFG2 = 3;
// printing the sum of GFG1 and GFG2
cout<< "GFG1 + GFG2= " << (GFG1 + GFG2) << endl;
// printing the difference of GFG1 and GFG2
cout << "GFG1 - GFG2 = " << (GFG1 - GFG2) << endl;
// printing the product of GFG1 and GFG2
cout << "GFG1 * GFG2 = " << (GFG1 * GFG2) << endl;
// printing the division of GFG1 by GFG2
cout << "GFG1 / GFG2 = " << (GFG1 / GFG2) << endl;
// printing the modulo of GFG1 by GFG2
cout << "GFG1 % GFG2 = " << (GFG1 % GFG2) << endl;
return 0;
} |
GFG1 + GFG2= 13 GFG1 - GFG2 = 7 GFG1 * GFG2 = 30 GFG1 / GFG2 = 3 GFG1 % GFG2 = 1
2. Unary Operator
These operators operate or work with a single operand.
Operator | Symbol | Operation | Implementation |
---|---|---|---|
Decrement Operator | — | Decreases the integer value of the variable by one | –x or x — |
Increment Operator | ++ | Increases the integer value of the variable by one | ++x or x++ |
Example:
// C++ Program to demonstrate the // increment and decrement operators #include <iostream> using namespace std;
int main()
{ int x = 5;
// This statement Incremented 1
cout << "x++ is " << x++ << endl;
// This statement Incremented 1
// from already Incremented
// statement resulting in
// Incrementing of 2
cout << "++x is " << ++x << endl;
int y = 10;
// This statement Decremented 1
cout << "y-- is " << y-- << endl;
// This statement Decremented 1
// from already Decremented
// statement resulting in
// Decrementing of 2
cout << "--y is " << --y << endl;
return 0;
} |
x++ is 5 ++x is 7 y-- is 10 --y is 8
In ++x, the variable’s value is first increased/incremented before being utilised in the program.
In x++, a variable’s value is assigned before it is increased/incremented.
Similarly happens for the decrement operator.